Enum: ICDOMorphologyEnum
ICD-O morphology axis classification for cancer subtypes. Values link to NCI Thesaurus for formal definitions.
This is a coarse histogenetic vocabulary, not a slot for four-digit ICD-O codes. Two rules govern it.
Granularity (the lump/split rule): a value names a morphology family, not an individual tumour entity. A family earns its own value when the knowledge base holds neoplastic entries that no existing value can hold correctly, and when it is a top-level morphology group in ICD-O / the WHO classification. A sub-family is split out of its parent only when it dominates curation practice — which is why Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma sit beside Carcinoma, and Multiple Myeloma beside Plasma Cell Neoplasm, while single entities (glomus tumour, chordoma, GIST) are held by their family rather than given a value of their own.
Behaviour: this axis names the morphology family, and most values are behaviour-neutral — Nerve Sheath Neoplasm and Pericytic Neoplasm cover benign and malignant members alike. Where ICD-O itself splits a family on behaviour, the values follow it (Adenoma vs Adenocarcinoma). Do not read malignancy into a value that does not assert it. A first-class behaviour slot (the ICD-O /0-/3 digit) and a place for the four-digit code itself remain open on monarch-initiative/dismech#7548.
When no value fits, omit icdo_morphology and record why in the entry's notes or a CURATION_TODO discussion. There is deliberately no Other value: the omissions are the signal that tells us which family to add next, and this expansion was driven by exactly those notes.
URI: dismech:enum/ICDOMorphologyEnum
Permissible Values
| Value | Meaning | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Carcinoma | NCIT:C2916 | Cancer arising from epithelial cells |
| Adenocarcinoma | NCIT:C2852 | Carcinoma arising from glandular epithelium |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | NCIT:C2929 | Carcinoma arising from squamous epithelium |
| Sarcoma | NCIT:C9118 | Cancer arising from mesenchymal tissue |
| Leukemia | NCIT:C3161 | Cancer of blood-forming tissues |
| Lymphoma | NCIT:C3208 | Cancer of the lymphatic system |
| Multiple Myeloma | NCIT:C3242 | Cancer of plasma cells |
| Melanoma | NCIT:C3224 | Cancer arising from melanocytes |
| Glioma | NCIT:C3059 | Cancer arising from glial cells |
| Embryonal Neoplasm | NCIT:C3264 | Cancer arising from embryonic tissue |
| Adenoma | NCIT:C2855 | Benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium; the benign counterpart of Adenocarci... |
| Trophoblastic Tumor | NCIT:C3422 | Neoplasm of trophoblastic cells, gestational or non-gestational |
| Mesothelial Neoplasm | NCIT:C3786 | Neoplasm arising from the mesothelium lining the pleura, peritoneum, pericard... |
| Pericytic Neoplasm | NCIT:C6528 | Mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the perivascular (pericytic) cells of conne... |
| Nerve Sheath Neoplasm | NCIT:C4972 | Neoplasm arising from the cells of the peripheral nerve sheath |
| Meningioma | NCIT:C3230 | Neoplasm of meningothelial (arachnoidal) cells |
| Germ Cell Tumor | NCIT:C3708 | Gonadal or extragonadal neoplasm originating from germ cells |
| Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor | NCIT:C3794 | Neoplasm of the gonadal sex cord and stromal cells (granulosa, Sertoli, Leydi... |
| Neuroendocrine Neoplasm | NCIT:C3809 | Neoplasm of cells showing neuroendocrine differentiation |
| Plasma Cell Neoplasm | NCIT:C4665 | Clonal proliferation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells |
| Myeloproliferative Neoplasm | NCIT:C4345 | Clonal myeloid neoplasm with effective but excessive production of one or mor... |
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome | NCIT:C3247 | Clonal myeloid neoplasm characterised by dysplasia and ineffective haematopoi... |
| Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm | NCIT:C9294 | Neoplasm of histiocytes and accessory/dendritic cells |
Slots
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| classification_value |
Identifier and Mapping Information
Schema Source
- from schema: https://w3id.org/monarch-initiative/dismech
LinkML Source
name: ICDOMorphologyEnum
description: 'ICD-O morphology axis classification for cancer subtypes. Values link
to NCI Thesaurus for formal definitions.
This is a coarse histogenetic vocabulary, not a slot for four-digit ICD-O codes.
Two rules govern it.
Granularity (the lump/split rule): a value names a morphology *family*, not an individual
tumour entity. A family earns its own value when the knowledge base holds neoplastic
entries that no existing value can hold correctly, and when it is a top-level morphology
group in ICD-O / the WHO classification. A sub-family is split out of its parent
only when it dominates curation practice — which is why ``Adenocarcinoma`` and ``Squamous
Cell Carcinoma`` sit beside ``Carcinoma``, and ``Multiple Myeloma`` beside ``Plasma
Cell Neoplasm``, while single entities (glomus tumour, chordoma, GIST) are held
by their family rather than given a value of their own.
Behaviour: this axis names the morphology family, and most values are behaviour-neutral
— ``Nerve Sheath Neoplasm`` and ``Pericytic Neoplasm`` cover benign and malignant
members alike. Where ICD-O itself splits a family on behaviour, the values follow
it (``Adenoma`` vs ``Adenocarcinoma``). Do not read malignancy into a value that
does not assert it. A first-class behaviour slot (the ICD-O ``/0``-``/3`` digit)
and a place for the four-digit code itself remain open on monarch-initiative/dismech#7548.
When no value fits, omit ``icdo_morphology`` and record why in the entry''s ``notes``
or a ``CURATION_TODO`` discussion. There is deliberately no ``Other`` value: the
omissions are the signal that tells us which family to add next, and this expansion
was driven by exactly those notes.'
from_schema: https://w3id.org/monarch-initiative/dismech
rank: 1000
permissible_values:
Carcinoma:
text: Carcinoma
description: Cancer arising from epithelial cells
meaning: NCIT:C2916
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0004993
- ICDO:8010/3
Adenocarcinoma:
text: Adenocarcinoma
description: Carcinoma arising from glandular epithelium
meaning: NCIT:C2852
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0004970
- ICDO:8140/3
Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
text: Squamous Cell Carcinoma
description: Carcinoma arising from squamous epithelium
meaning: NCIT:C2929
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0005096
- ICDO:8070/3
Sarcoma:
text: Sarcoma
description: Cancer arising from mesenchymal tissue
meaning: NCIT:C9118
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0005089
- ICDO:8800/3
Leukemia:
text: Leukemia
description: Cancer of blood-forming tissues
meaning: NCIT:C3161
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0005059
- ICDO:9800/3
Lymphoma:
text: Lymphoma
description: Cancer of the lymphatic system
meaning: NCIT:C3208
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0005062
- ICDO:9590/3
Multiple Myeloma:
text: Multiple Myeloma
description: Cancer of plasma cells
meaning: NCIT:C3242
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0009693
- ICDO:9732/3
Melanoma:
text: Melanoma
description: Cancer arising from melanocytes
meaning: NCIT:C3224
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0005105
- ICDO:8720/3
Glioma:
text: Glioma
description: Cancer arising from glial cells
meaning: NCIT:C3059
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0021042
- ICDO:9380/3
Embryonal Neoplasm:
text: Embryonal Neoplasm
description: Cancer arising from embryonic tissue
meaning: NCIT:C3264
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0005564
Adenoma:
text: Adenoma
description: Benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium; the benign counterpart of
Adenocarcinoma
meaning: NCIT:C2855
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0004972
- ICDO:8140/0
Trophoblastic Tumor:
text: Trophoblastic Tumor
description: Neoplasm of trophoblastic cells, gestational or non-gestational
meaning: NCIT:C3422
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0002872
Mesothelial Neoplasm:
text: Mesothelial Neoplasm
description: Neoplasm arising from the mesothelium lining the pleura, peritoneum,
pericardium or tunica vaginalis
meaning: NCIT:C3786
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0006856
Pericytic Neoplasm:
text: Pericytic Neoplasm
description: Mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the perivascular (pericytic) cells
of connective and soft tissue
meaning: NCIT:C6528
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0002604
Nerve Sheath Neoplasm:
text: Nerve Sheath Neoplasm
description: Neoplasm arising from the cells of the peripheral nerve sheath
meaning: NCIT:C4972
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0002547
Meningioma:
text: Meningioma
description: Neoplasm of meningothelial (arachnoidal) cells
meaning: NCIT:C3230
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0016642
- ICDO:9530/0
Germ Cell Tumor:
text: Germ Cell Tumor
description: Gonadal or extragonadal neoplasm originating from germ cells
meaning: NCIT:C3708
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0005040
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor:
text: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
description: Neoplasm of the gonadal sex cord and stromal cells (granulosa, Sertoli,
Leydig, fibroblast)
meaning: NCIT:C3794
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0006055
- ICDO:8590/1
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm:
text: Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
description: Neoplasm of cells showing neuroendocrine differentiation
meaning: NCIT:C3809
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0019496
Plasma Cell Neoplasm:
text: Plasma Cell Neoplasm
description: Clonal proliferation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells
meaning: NCIT:C4665
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0004959
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm:
text: Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
description: Clonal myeloid neoplasm with effective but excessive production of
one or more mature blood cell lineages
meaning: NCIT:C4345
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0020076
- ICDO:9960/3
Myelodysplastic Syndrome:
text: Myelodysplastic Syndrome
description: Clonal myeloid neoplasm characterised by dysplasia and ineffective
haematopoiesis
meaning: NCIT:C3247
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0018881
- ICDO:9989/3
Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm:
text: Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
description: Neoplasm of histiocytes and accessory/dendritic cells
meaning: NCIT:C9294
exact_mappings:
- MONDO:0006247