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IEMbase 0577: ACSF3-related combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria

Scope

Field Value
IEMbase ID 577
Nosology 12.1.22.01
Gene ACSF3
External IDs OMIM:614245; ORPHA:289504
Generated mapping UNMAPPED; best candidate 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA_Synthase_Deficiency.yaml
Candidate DisMech targets Combined_Malonic_and_Methylmalonic_Aciduria.yaml
Review date 2026-07-07

IEMbase phenotype signal

IEMbase represents ACSF3-related acyl-CoA synthetase 3 deficiency, with alternate label combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria and abbreviation MMA/MA. The record is autosomal recessive, idiopathic subtype, of unknown treatability, and has no treatment rows.

Biochemical rows include normal blood/plasma propionylcarnitine, increased malonylcarnitine, low-to-normal free carnitine, increased urinary malonic acid, increased plasma and urinary methylmalonic acid, increased urinary MMA/MA ratio, variable base excess, low-to-normal cholesterol and glucose, and normal-to-high plasma lactate. Clinical and characteristic rows include autism spectrum disorder, cardiomyopathy, coma, dystonia, failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, white-matter/brainstem/cerebellar T2 MRI changes, hypoglycemia, axial hypotonia, ketoacidosis, lethargy, liver dysfunction, loss of speech, memory problems, microcephaly, ocular migraine, mild dysmorphic features, seizures, vomiting, developmental delay, and metabolic acidosis.

DisMech phenotype coverage

Combined_Malonic_and_Methylmalonic_Aciduria.yaml is the correct local target. It models autosomal recessive ACSF3 deficiency, mitochondrial malonyl-CoA / methylmalonyl-CoA synthetase deficiency, failure to activate malonate and methylmalonate to CoA thioesters, combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria, mitochondrial metabolic inefficiency, and a variable clinical spectrum ranging from favorable screen-detected outcomes to neurologic or childhood metabolic presentations.

The generated HMG-CoA synthase candidate is a false positive from organic-acid metabolism similarity and does not match ACSF3/CMAMMA.

Concordance and completeness

Judgement: generated false negative; resolve to Combined_Malonic_and_Methylmalonic_Aciduria.yaml.

IEMbase and DisMech agree on ACSF3 identity, recessive inheritance, combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria, elevated malonic and methylmalonic acids, mitochondrial metabolite-repair framing, variable neurologic/metabolic presentation, seizures, developmental delay, failure to thrive, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, microcephaly, dystonia, axial hypotonia, and liver dysfunction. DisMech is stronger for the metabolite-activation mechanism and the caution that unselected cohorts may be mild.

IEMbase adds useful prompts for malonylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine normality, free carnitine, cholesterol, lactate, cardiomyopathy, autism, white-matter MRI changes, speech loss, memory problems, ocular migraine, vomiting, and dysmorphic features.

Curation actions

  • Promote this record to Combined_Malonic_and_Methylmalonic_Aciduria.yaml.
  • Reject 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA_Synthase_Deficiency.yaml as an exact mapping.
  • Consider reviewing IEMbase acylcarnitine, imaging, cardiomyopathy, neurodevelopmental, and broader clinical prompts against the local generally-mild-course caveat before import.