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IEMbase 0014: ASS1-related argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency

Scope

Field Value
IEMbase ID 14
Nosology 1.1.04.01
Gene ASS1
External IDs OMIM:215700
Generated mapping AMBIGUOUS by alias_exact:argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency
Candidate DisMech targets Citrullinemia_Type_I.yaml; Urea_Cycle_Disorder.yaml#Argininosuccinate Synthetase Deficiency
Review date 2026-07-07

IEMbase phenotype signal

IEMbase represents this as classical citrullinemia/CTLN1. The characteristic clinical signal is acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy with coma and developmental delay, plus stroke-like episodes. Additional features include neonatal seizures, vomiting, feeding difficulty/protein aversion, failure to thrive, episodic confusion, ataxia, burst-suppression EEG, acute liver failure, and neonatal temperature instability.

The biochemical profile distinguishes ASS1 deficiency from other UCDs: very high plasma and urine citrulline, high ammonia, high plasma/CSF glutamine, low arginine, normal urinary argininosuccinic acid, variably high orotic acid, and low/normal urea. Treatments include arginine, protein-defined diet, nitrogen scavengers, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and liver transplantation.

DisMech phenotype coverage

Citrullinemia_Type_I.yaml is the correct canonical target. It covers hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, seizures, lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting, intellectual disability, global developmental delay, cerebral edema, spasticity, coma, failure to thrive, and respiratory alkalosis. Biochemical coverage is strong: citrulline, ammonia, arginine, argininosuccinate, orotic acid, and glutamine are all explicit. Treatments include diet, nitrogen scavengers, arginine, acute crisis management, liver transplantation, newborn screening, genetic counseling, and emerging RNA therapeutics.

The Urea Cycle Disorder subtype duplicates the exact disease label and causes the generated ambiguity.

Concordance and completeness

Judgement: high concordance. DisMech has the right standalone entry and covers the major clinical and biochemical axes.

IEMbase adds more age-stratified presentation detail, burst-suppression EEG, stroke-like episodes, temperature instability, and explicit dialysis modalities. DisMech adds cerebral edema, respiratory alkalosis, newborn screening, and an investigational RNA-therapeutic angle not present in IEMbase.

Curation actions

  • Resolve crosswalk ambiguity by mapping to Citrullinemia_Type_I.yaml.
  • Consider whether burst-suppression EEG and protein aversion should be added as evidence-backed phenotype refinements.
  • Keep the umbrella subtype as secondary context only.