Vaccine Mechanisms & Immunization Curation

In progress TREATMENTSIMMUNOLOGYINFECTIOUS_DISEASEMODULESVACCINES NIH: Research on Short-Lived and Long-Lived Plasma Cells in Humans

Vaccine Mechanisms & Immunization Curation

Overview & Design Principle

In dismech, vaccines are not modeled as opaque "preventive checkboxes" detached from disease biology. Instead, every vaccine entry in a disorder's treatments: block is modeled as a causal intervention (MechanismLink) that inhibits, modulates, or activates a specific node in the disorder's pathophysiology: causal graph.

Whether a vaccine induces secretory IgA that neutralizes viral attachment at the brush border, systemic IgG that neutralizes a bacterial exotoxin without preventing mucosal colonization, opsonizing antibodies against a polysaccharide capsule, or cytotoxic CD8+ T cells targeting viral oncoproteins or tumor neoantigens, the target_mechanisms: edge explicitly records which step of the pathograph the vaccine intercepts and why.


0. Ontology & Schema Architecture (Why Not VO?)

Why We Use NCIT Instead of the Vaccine Ontology (VO)

Dismech deliberately consolidates all medical actions, procedures, and biological/vaccine agents onto NCI Thesaurus (NCIT), ChEBI (CHEBI), and MAXO (MAXO) rather than importing the OBO Vaccine Ontology (VO):

  1. Unified medical action hierarchy (TreatmentDescriptor): In src/dismech/schema/model.yaml, treatment_term.term is validated against NCIT medical procedures (Vaccination NCIT:C15346, Passive Immunization NCIT:C15259) or MAXO, while specific vaccine formulations and biologics sit under NCIT:C1909 (Pharmacologic Substance $\rightarrow$ NCIT:C923 Vaccine) in treatment_term.therapeutic_agent.
  2. Avoids OAK / BioPortal cache fragmentation: Maintaining a single OAK validation surface (cache/ncit/terms.csv) covers small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, toxoids, conjugate vaccines, mRNA-LNP vaccines, and live-attenuated viral vaccines without cross-ontology duplication.
  3. Environmental / adverse-event exposures use ECTO: When vaccination is modeled as an environmental exposure or trigger (e.g., live-vaccine disseminated disease in an inborn error of immunity, or post-vaccination immune-mediated sequelae), dismech uses ECTO:2000129 (exposure to vaccination) in the environmental: block.

Canonical YAML Pattern for Vaccine Treatments

treatments:
- name: Rotavirus Vaccination
  description: Oral live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines (pentavalent human-bovine reassortant
    RV5 or monovalent human-attenuated RV1) administered in infancy induce mucosal
    secretory IgA and neutralizing antibodies against outer-capsid proteins VP4 and
    VP7, preventing severe dehydrating rotaviral gastroenteritis.
  therapeutic_modality: VACCINE
  delivery_system: VIRAL_VECTOR # Optional: LIPID_NANOPARTICLE, VIRAL_VECTOR, PROTEIN_CONJUGATE, etc.
  treatment_term:
    preferred_term: vaccination
    term:
      id: NCIT:C15346
      label: Vaccination
    therapeutic_agent:
    - preferred_term: rotavirus vaccine
      term:
        id: NCIT:C96394
        label: Rotavirus Vaccine
  target_mechanisms:
  - target: Rotavirus Attachment and Mature Enterocyte Invasion
    treatment_effect: INHIBITS
    description: Mucosal secretory IgA and serum neutralizing antibodies against VP4
      (VP8*/VP5*) and VP7 block virion attachment and entry into mature small-intestinal
      villus enterocytes and neutralize NSP4 enterotoxin activity.
    evidence:
    - reference: PMID:32644377
      supports: SUPPORT
      evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
      snippet: "Vaccination is the best way to prevent rotavirus disease."
      explanation: Supports oral rotavirus vaccination as the primary prophylactic
        intervention preventing rotavirus infection and severe dehydrating enteritis.

Schema Slots Touching Vaccines

Schema Location Slot / Enum / Value Role
Treatment.therapeutic_modality VACCINE, BIOLOGIC (TherapeuticModalityEnum) Distinguishes active vaccines (VACCINE) from passive antibodies/antitoxins (BIOLOGIC).
Treatment.delivery_system LIPID_NANOPARTICLE, VIRAL_VECTOR, PROTEIN_CONJUGATE, POLYMER_NANOPARTICLE Captures LNP-encapsulated mRNA vaccines, adenoviral/vesicular stomatitis vectors, or carrier-protein conjugates.
TreatmentDescriptor.term NCIT:C15346 (Vaccination), NCIT:C15259 (Passive Immunization) Primary medical-action term required on treatment_term.
TreatmentDescriptor.therapeutic_agent NCIT:C96394 (Rotavirus Vaccine), NCIT:C181140 (mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine), NCIT:C1951 (Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine), NCIT:C198514 (Rabies Vaccine), NCIT:C91718 (Diphtheria Toxoid/Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Adsorbed), NCIT:C298 (BCG Vaccine) Specific vaccine formulation or agent under NCIT:C1909 (Pharmacologic Substance).
Treatment.target_mechanisms list[MechanismLink] (target, treatment_effect: INHIBITS \| ACTIVATES \| MODULATES, description, evidence) Connects the vaccine directly to the named Pathophysiology node it blocks or modifies.
TreatmentEffectModifier.mhc_term & Genetic.mhc_term MHCDescriptor (MHCTerm: MRO / GO:0042611) Binds HLA serotypes, heterodimers (HLA-DQ2.5 MRO:0000019), and allele-specific MHC restriction complexes (HLA-DRB1*03:01 protein complex MRO:0001284) on genetic associations and vaccine subgroup effect modifiers (effect_modifier_type: GENOTYPE).
Pathophysiology.protein_complexes ProteinComplexDescriptor (GO:0042611 + MRO:*) Because MRO roots its MHC protein complexes under GO:0042611 (MHC protein complex), protein_complexes accepts allele-specific MRO complexes directly in antigen-presentation pathograph nodes.
Environmental.exposure_term ECTO:2000129 (exposure to vaccination) Models vaccination as an exposure (e.g., protective epidemiological factor or live-vaccine adverse event).
kb/surrogate_endpoints/fda_surrogate_endpoints.yaml vaccine_preventable_disease_neutralizing_titer Captures FDA traditional-approval surrogate correlates of protection (serum bactericidal antibody, anti-PRP IgG, hemagglutination inhibition, neutralizing titer, seroconversion).

0b. MHC Restriction Ontology (MRO) & IEDB Integration

Why MRO (IEDB's MHC Restriction Ontology) Was Integrated

Across vaccine-preventable diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and drug hypersensitivity entries, MHC/HLA restriction is one of the strongest genetic determinants of both disease susceptibility and vaccine / immunotherapy responsiveness: - Many clinically important HLA entities are multi-gene heterodimers (HLA-DQ2.5 encoded by HLA-DQA1*05:01 + HLA-DQB1*02:01, MRO:0000019) or multi-locus serotypes (HLA-DQ2 serotype MRO:0000283, HLA-B27 serotype MRO:0000129, HLA-DR4 serotype MRO:0000303) that cannot be faithfully represented by a single HGNC gene CURIE. - IEDB (Immune Epitope Database) maintains MRO (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MRO_) specifically to represent MHC protein complexes, serotypes, mutant complexes, and alpha/beta chains, and anchors its hierarchy directly under GO:0042611 (MHC protein complex).

How MRO Works in the Dismech Schema

  1. Pathophysiology.protein_complexes (ProteinComplexTerm): Because ProteinComplexTerm already has GO:0042611 (MHC protein complex) in reachable_from, routing MRO: ols:mro in conf/oak_config.yaml automatically enables protein_complexes to bind any MRO MHC class I/II protein complex (MRO:0001284 HLA-DRB1*03:01 protein complex, MRO:0001007 HLA-B*57:01 protein complex, MRO:0000019 HLA-DQA1*05:01/DQB1*02:01 protein complex).
  2. Genetic.mhc_term (MHCDescriptor $\rightarrow$ MHCTerm): Allows genetic: entries to pair a locus gene_term (hgnc:4942 HLA-DQA1) with the exact serotype or heterodimer (MRO:0000283 HLA-DQ2 serotype) or to bind a multi-locus serotype directly.
  3. TreatmentEffectModifier.mhc_term (MHCDescriptor $\rightarrow$ MHCTerm): Allows treatments[].effect_modifiers[] with effect_modifier_type: GENOTYPE to bind the exact HLA restriction complex that modifies vaccine seroconversion (e.g., HLA-DRB1*03:01 / HLA-DRB1*07:01 non-responder haplotypes in Hepatitis_B vaccination) or requires an HLA-restricted peptide/TCR vaccine (e.g., HLA-A*02:01-restricted cancer vaccines).
treatments:
- name: Hepatitis B Vaccination
  therapeutic_modality: VACCINE
  effect_modifiers:
  - effect_modifier_type: GENOTYPE
    stratum: HLA-DRB1*03:01 carriers
    mhc_term:
      preferred_term: HLA-DRB1*03:01 protein complex
      term:
        id: MRO:0001284
        label: HLA-DRB1*03:01 protein complex
    comparator_stratum: non-carriers
    modified_outcome: anti-HBs seroprotection rate
    effect_in_stratum: SMALLER_EFFECT

Broader IEDB Opportunities


1. Six Mechanistic Archetypes for Vaccines in Dismech

Connecting a vaccine via target_mechanisms: forces the curator to distinguish where in the pathograph immunity acts:

  1. Viral Attachment, Entry & Mucosal Establishment Blockade - Mechanism: Neutralizing antibodies (secretory IgA at mucosal surfaces or systemic IgG) bind viral attachment/fusion proteins (e.g., HPV L1 capsid, SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD, Rotavirus VP4/VP7, Rabies glycoprotein G, HAV capsid), blocking host-receptor engagement (ACE2, HSPG, HBGA, NCAM1/CHRN) and early cellular entry. - Exemplars: Human_Papillomavirus_Infection (Prophylactic L1 VLP vaccine), Immunodeficiency_74_COVID-19-related_X-linked (SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine), Rabies (post-exposure vaccine blocking retrograde axonal transport), Hepatitis_A, Hepatitis_D (HBV vaccine preventing HBsAg helper virus acquisition).

  2. Toxoid / Antitoxin Neutralization (Disease Prevention Without Colonization Blockade) - Mechanism: Formalin-inactivated or genetically detoxified bacterial/plant toxoids elicit systemic IgG against the secreted A-B exotoxin or superantigen (Diphtheria toxin, Tetanus neurotoxin, Pertussis toxin, Anthrax protective antigen, TSST-1, Ricin A chain). Crucially, the vaccine targets the toxin-mediated tissue injury or receptor-entry node, not the mucosal colonization node. - Exemplars: Diphtheria, Anthrax, Toxic_Shock_Syndrome, Ricin_Poisoning.

  3. Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Opsonophagocytosis & Mucosal Carriage Reduction - Mechanism: Conjugating a bacterial capsular polysaccharide (T-cell-independent antigen, e.g., Hib PRP, pneumococcal serotypes, meningococcal A/C/W/Y) to a carrier protein (CRM197, tetanus toxoid) recruits CD4+ Tfh cells (germinal_center_reaction module), driving class-switched, affinity-matured anti-capsular IgG and mucosal IgA that overcome capsular complement evasion and reduce nasopharyngeal carriage. - Exemplars: Haemophilus_Meningitis, Pneumococcal_Meningitis, Streptococcal_Meningitis.

  4. Therapeutic & Neoantigen Vaccines (Cell-Mediated Clearance of Infected or Transformed Cells) - Mechanism: Once viral genomes integrate or somatic driver mutations establish a clone, neutralizing antibodies against surface capsids are ineffective. Therapeutic peptide/mRNA/DC vaccines target intracellular oncoproteins or fusion neoantigens (HPV E6/E7, DNAJB1-PRKACA chimera, MUC1) presented on MHC class I/II to prime CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Th1 cells. - Exemplars: Human_Papillomavirus_Infection (Therapeutic HPV Vaccination (E6/E7-directed)), Fibrolamellar_Hepatocellular_Carcinoma (DNAJB1-PRKACA Fusion-Neoantigen Peptide Vaccine), Colon_Adenocarcinoma (MUC1 Peptide Vaccine).

  5. Host-Vulnerability Bypass & Decompensation-Trigger Prevention - Mechanism: In inborn errors of immunity (TLR7, MyD88, C1Q, C2 deficiencies) or acute febrile/viral decompensation syndromes (RANBP2 ANE1, LARS1 ILFS1, TNNI3K cardiomyopathy), vaccination either bypasses the defective innate sensor via an orthogonal adjuvant/PRR pathway (MDA5/TLR3 for mRNA-LNP in TLR7 deficiency) or prevents the upstream febrile/viral infection trigger that initiates organ failure. - Exemplars: Immunodeficiency_74_COVID-19-related_X-linked, C1Q_Deficiency, Complement_Component_2_Deficiency, MyD88_Deficiency, Familial_Acute_Necrotizing_Encephalopathy, Infantile_Liver_Failure_Syndrome_1.

  6. Live-Vaccine Pathogenicity & Contraindication in Primary Immunodeficiencies - Mechanism: Live-attenuated vaccines (BCG, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, MMR, yellow fever) replicate unchecked when a critical host restriction pathway is absent (e.g., IFN-gamma/IL-12 axis in Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease, STAT1/STAT2/IRF9 type I IFN signaling, or severe combined immunodeficiency). Here, the vaccine strain is represented in pathophysiology: / environmental: (ECTO:2000129) as a causal trigger of disseminated vaccine-strain infection.


2. Exemplar Entries Currently in the KB

Disorder Entry Vaccine Treatment(s) Targeted Pathophysiology Node(s) Why It Is an Exemplar
Human_Papillomavirus_Infection Prophylactic HPV Vaccination (L1 VLP) vs. Therapeutic HPV Vaccination (E6/E7-directed) Basal Keratinocyte Infection and Genome Establishment (prophylactic) vs. High-Risk Persistence and Transformation & Immune Evasion and Persistence (therapeutic) Cleanly contrasts humoral capsid-neutralizing prophylaxis (ineffective after infection) with cell-mediated E6/E7 oncoprotein clearance in the same causal graph.
Immunodeficiency_74_COVID-19-related_X-linked SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (NCIT:C181140, delivery_system: LIPID_NANOPARTICLE) Unrestrained Early SARS-CoV-2 Replication in the Respiratory Tract Demonstrates how a vaccine bypasses a monogenic host innate defect (pDC TLR7 loss) by priming adaptive anti-Spike IgG via LNP/cytosolic RNA sensing (MDA5), with full therapeutic_agent and delivery_system typing.
Diphtheria Diphtheria Toxoid Vaccination (NCIT:C91718) & Diphtheria Antitoxin (NCIT:C15259) Absent or Waning Antitoxin Immunity $\rightarrow$ Diphtheria Toxin Production and Local Tissue Necrosis Explicitly models how toxoid immunization neutralizes phage-encoded exotoxin pathology while leaving mucosal C. diphtheriae colonization intact; pairs active toxoid with passive antitoxin.
Haemophilus_Meningitis Hib PRP-protein conjugate vaccination PRP Capsule Immune Evasion Captures the immunological mechanism of polysaccharide-protein conjugation (converting a T-independent capsule into a T-dependent antigen to restore opsonophagocytosis and eliminate carriage).
Rabies Rabies post-exposure vaccination (NCIT:C198514) & Rabies immunoglobulin (NCIT:C15259) Retrograde Axonal Transport to the Central Nervous System Shows post-exposure prophylaxis intercepting a time-windowed anatomical transition node (peripheral muscle/nerve entry before CNS invasion).

3. Flagship New-Disorder Trial: Rotaviral Enteritis (MONDO:0005194)

Rotaviral_Enteritis (MONDO:0005194, rotaviral enteritis) is our primary end-to-end curation trial integrating: 1. Viral pathogenesis across dual secretory + osmotic diarrhea mechanisms, 2. Host genetic receptor dependency (FUT2 secretor status), and 3. Vaccine mechanism links (NCIT:C96394 Rotavirus Vaccine).

Planned Causal Pathograph (kb/disorders/Rotaviral_Enteritis.yaml)

flowchart TD
  G1["Host FUT2 Secretor Status (hgnc:4013)<br/>Alpha(1,2)-fucosylated HBGA expression on villus enterocytes"] --> N1
  N1["Host Glycan Attachment and Mature Villus Enterocyte Entry<br/>VP4 (VP8*/VP5*) & VP7 outer capsid bind HBGAs/sialoglycans"]
  N1 --> N2["NSP4 Viroporin-Mediated Intracellular Calcium Mobilization<br/>Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ mobilization & Calcium-Activated Chloride Secretion (ANO1) + ENS stimulation"]
  N1 --> N3["Proteasomal DGAT1 Degradation and Villus Enterocyte Destruction<br/>Villus blunting, lactase/sucrase-isomaltase depletion, carbohydrate malabsorption"]
  N1 --> N4["Cytoplasmic Replication and Innate Antiviral Antagonism<br/>Viroplasm assembly, NSP1 PRR antagonism & Systemic Antigenemia and Transient Viremia"]
  N2 --> P1["Secretory Diarrhea (HP:0005208)"]
  N3 --> P3["Malabsorptive Osmotic Diarrhea (HP:0033310) & Secondary Lactase Deficiency (HP:0002024)"]
  P1 --> P2["Dehydration (HP:0001944) & Metabolic Acidosis (HP:0001942)"]
  P3 --> P2
  V1["Oral Live-Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine (NCIT:C96394)<br/>RV5 (RotaTeq) / RV1 (Rotarix)"] -. "INHIBITS (Mucosal sIgA anti-VP4/VP7 & anti-VP6)" .-> N1
  V1 -. "INHIBITS (Prevents NSP4 enterotoxin activity)" .-> N2
  V1 -. "INHIBITS (Preserves DGAT1 & villus enterocytes)" .-> N3

4. Coordination with ~/repos/ai-gene-review (Host vs. Viral Genes)

Dismech integrates with ~/repos/ai-gene-review via src/dismech/ingest/genes.py (just genes-ingest-build, outputting app/genes-data.js), which joins gene symbols across both repositories. Because dismech currently validates GeneDescriptor.term against the human HGNC cache (cache/hgnc/terms.csv), host and viral genes follow a coordinated two-sided convention:

Side A: Host Receptor, Restriction & Susceptibility Genes (Direct HGNC $\leftrightarrow$ UniProt Join)

Human host genes that mediate viral attachment, entry, innate sensing, or vaccine responsiveness are curated in kb/genes/<SPECIES>/<SYMBOL>/<SYMBOL>-ai-review.yaml (HUMAN taxon NCBITaxon:9606) in ai-gene-review and referenced via hgnc:<ID> in the dismech disorder's genetic: and pathophysiology[].genes: blocks:

Disorder Human Host Gene (hgnc) Role in Pathograph & Vaccine Biology Coordination Target in ai-gene-review
Rotaviral_Enteritis FUT2 (hgnc:4013, Q10981) Fucosyltransferase 2 synthesizes mucosal type 1 HBGAs bound by rotavirus P[8]/P[4] VP8*; non-secretors (FUT2 null) are genetically resistant to P[8] infection and exhibit lower take/seroconversion to live oral P[8] vaccines (Rotarix). kb/genes/HUMAN/FUT2/ (GO:0046718 viral entry into host cell; GO:0008417 fucosyltransferase activity)
Rotaviral_Enteritis ANO1 (hgnc:21625, Q5XXA6) Ca2+-activated chloride channel (TMEM16A) activated by rotavirus NSP4 enterotoxin to drive secretory diarrhea. kb/genes/HUMAN/ANO1/ (GO:0005229 intracellularly calcium-gated chloride channel activity)
COVID-19 ACE2 (hgnc:13557), TMPRSS2 (hgnc:11876) Host entry receptor and Spike-priming serine protease blocked by anti-Spike vaccine antibodies. kb/genes/HUMAN/ACE2/, kb/genes/HUMAN/TMPRSS2/
Immunodeficiency_74_COVID-19-related_X-linked TLR7 (hgnc:15631) Endosomal ssRNA sensor on pDCs; loss-of-function causes life-threatening COVID-19 bypassed by mRNA-LNP vaccination. kb/genes/HUMAN/TLR7/

Side B: Viral Antigen & Effector Genes (Viral Taxon Directories in ai-gene-review)

In ~/repos/ai-gene-review/kb/genes/, viral proteins are curated under their viral taxon proteome codes (e.g., SARS2/SPIKE, TYPH/E6, TYPH/E7, EBVG/LMP1, and for Rotavirus A: ROTA/VP4, ROTA/VP7, ROTA/NSP4, ROTA/NSP1).


5. Conserved Mechanism Modules (kb/modules/)

Vaccine mechanisms reuse and motivate conserved modules in kb/modules/:


6. KB Audit: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Wired with target_mechanisms

We audited all disorder entries with vaccine treatments and curated/enriched 28 vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) entries (including 6 newly curated VPD disorder entries: Rotaviral_Enteritis, Tick-Borne_Encephalitis, Yellow_Fever, Meningococcal_Meningitis, Herpes_Zoster, and Japanese_Encephalitis) so their vaccine treatments carry therapeutic_modality: VACCINE and explicit target_mechanisms: (treatment_effect: INHIBITS) pointing to the exact upstream nodes in pathophysiology:.

Disorder (kb/disorders/) Vaccine Treatment(s) Status Targeted Pathophysiology Node(s)
Rotaviral_Enteritis Rotavirus Vaccination (NCIT:C96394) Completed (New Entry) Host Glycan Attachment and Mature Villus Enterocyte Entry, NSP4 Viroporin-Mediated Intracellular Calcium Mobilization, Proteasomal DGAT1 Degradation and Villus Enterocyte Destruction (+ FUT2 effect_modifiers)
Tick-Borne_Encephalitis Inactivated Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccination Completed (New Entry) Tick-Borne Cutaneous Inoculation and Primary Viremia, Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing and Neuronal Infection
Yellow_Fever Yellow Fever 17D Live-Attenuated Vaccination (NCIT:C96396) Completed (New Entry) Mosquito Inoculation, Dendritic Cell Infection, and Regional Lymphoid Replication, Hepatocyte Tropism, Midzonal Apoptosis, and Acute Hepatic Necrosis
Meningococcal_Meningitis MenACWY Conjugate Vaccination, MenB Subunit Vaccination Completed (New Entry) Nasopharyngeal Invasion, Meningococcemia, and Terminal Complement Evasion
Herpes_Zoster Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV, Shingrix) Completed (New Entry) Waning VZV-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity and Dorsal Root Ganglion Reactivation, Anterograde Axonal Transport and Cutaneous Dermatomal Replication
Japanese_Encephalitis Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination Completed (New Entry) Mosquito Inoculation, Cutaneous Amplification, and Primary Viremia, Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Thalamic/Basal Ganglia Neuronal Tropism
COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccination (NCIT:C181140) Completed Viral Entry and Replication in Respiratory Epithelium
Influenza Annual Vaccination Completed Respiratory Epithelial Infection and Cytopathic Effect, Triggering of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Respiratory_Syncytial_Virus_Infection Vaccination Completed RSV Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells
Measles Measles vaccination Completed Respiratory entry and SLAM-mediated immune cell infection, Lymphotropic replication and viremia, Immune amnesia (measles-induced immunosuppression)
Mumps Mumps vaccination Completed Respiratory replication and lymphatic spread
Rubella Rubella vaccination Completed Respiratory entry and lymphatic replication, Transplacental transmission and congenital rubella syndrome
Chickenpox Varicella Vaccination Completed Primary Respiratory Entry and T-Cell-Associated Viremia, Latent Infection in Sensory Ganglia
Paralytic_Poliomyelitis Poliovirus vaccination (IPV/OPV) (NCIT:C96387) Completed Viremia and CNS Invasion, Anterior Horn Motor Neuron Tropism and Lysis
Pertussis Maternal Tdap Vaccination, Pertussis Vaccination (NCIT:C91718) Completed Bordetella pertussis Respiratory Colonization, Pertussis Toxin-Mediated Disruption of Host Gi Signaling
Tetanus Active Immunization (NCIT:C91718), Tetanus Immunoglobulin (NCIT:C2701) Completed Tetanospasmin Production and Retrograde Axonal Transport, SNARE Cleavage and Loss of Inhibitory Neurotransmission
Pneumococcal_Pneumonia Pneumococcal Vaccination (NCIT:C80473) Completed Pneumococcal Colonization and Lower Airway Invasion
Hepatitis_B Vaccination (+ MRO:0001284 effect_modifiers), Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) (NCIT:C80829) Completed Hepatocyte Infection and cccDNA Formation, HBV DNA Integration
Cholera Oral Cholera Vaccination Completed Small Intestinal Colonization and Toxin Production, Cholera Toxin-Mediated Adenylate Cyclase Activation
Typhoid_Fever Typhoid Vaccination Completed Intestinal Invasion via M Cells, Intracellular Survival in Macrophages and Systemic Dissemination
Ebola_Virus_Disease_EVD rVSV-ZEBOV Vaccination (Ervebo) (NCIT:C183179, VIRAL_VECTOR) Completed Initial Mononuclear Phagocyte Infection, Viral Entry via NPC1 Receptor
Malaria Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccination (RTS,S and R21) Completed Mosquito inoculation and pre-erythrocytic liver-stage infection
Transitional_Cell_Carcinoma Intravesical BCG Immunotherapy (NCIT:C298) Completed Immune Evasion
Dengue Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccination Completed Viral Entry and Primary Replication in Mononuclear Phagocytes, NS1-Mediated Endothelial Hyperpermeability (+ baseline serostatus effect_modifiers referencing Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE))
Chikungunya Chikungunya Vaccination (Live-Attenuated VLA1553 and VLP PXVX0317) Completed Viral Entry and Dermal Dissemination, Persistence in Joint-Associated Tissues
Monkeypox MVA-BN Vaccination (Jynneos / Imvanex) Completed Viral Entry and Systemic Dissemination, Evasion of Host Antiviral Immunity
Bacterial_meningitis Conjugate Vaccination (Hib, Pneumococcal, Meningococcal) (NCIT:C80473) Completed Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration, Intrathecal Bacterial Replication
Tuberculosis BCG Vaccination (NCIT:C298) Completed Alveolar Macrophage Entry and Phagosome Maturation Arrest, Extrapulmonary Hematogenous Dissemination
Congenital_Rubella_Syndrome Pre-Conception and Childhood Live-Attenuated Rubella Vaccination (MMR) (NCIT:C15346) Completed (New Entry) Maternal Rubella Viremia and Transplacental Viral Entry
Hepatitis_E Recombinant Hepatitis E Capsid Vaccine (HEV 239 / Hecolin) (NCIT:C15346) Completed Hepatotropic HEV Infection and Replication
Buruli_Ulcer Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Cross-Protective Vaccination (NCIT:C15346, NCIT:C298) Completed (Preventive benchmark treatment entry; PMID:34119347)
Clostridioides_difficile_Infection Bezlotoxumab (NCIT:C153084, MONOCLONAL_ANTIBODY) Completed Epithelial Cell Death and Barrier Disruption (+ Toxin Production (TcdA/TcdB) conformed to toxoid_neutralizing_humoral_immunity)
Prostate_Adenocarcinoma Sipuleucel-T Autologous Cellular Immunotherapy (NCIT:C15262, CELL_THERAPY) Completed (Autologous cellular immunotherapy treatment entry; PMID:40315400)
Cutaneous_Melanoma Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) Oncolytic Viral Immunotherapy (NCIT:C15262, OTHER) Completed (Oncolytic viral immunotherapy treatment entry; PMID:32714859)
Adenovirus_Respiratory_Infection Live, oral adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine (NCIT:C15346) Completed Respiratory Epithelial Infection and Viral Replication
Anal_Canal_Carcinoma HPV Vaccination (NCIT:C15346) Completed HPV Infection of Anal Squamous Epithelium
Cervical_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma HPV Vaccination (NCIT:C15346) Completed Persistent High-Risk HPV Infection
Glanders Experimental vaccine platforms (NCIT:C15346) Completed Intracellular macrophage survival and T6SS-1 actin-based spread
Gonorrhea Meningococcal B OMV vaccine (4CMenB) (NCIT:C15346) Completed Gonococcal Mucosal Attachment and Microcolony Formation
Hand_Foot_and_Mouth_Disease EV-A71 inactivated vaccine (NCIT:C15346) Completed Receptor-mediated viral entry and endosomal uncoating, Viremia and systemic dissemination
Hantavirus_Hemorrhagic_Fever_with_Renal_Syndrome Hantavax (NCIT:C15346) Completed Noncytopathic microvascular endothelial infection
Late_Complement_Component_Deficiency Meningococcal Vaccination (MenACWY and MenB) (NCIT:C15346) Completed Recurrent Invasive Neisserial Infection
Penile_Cancer Prophylactic HPV Vaccination (NCIT:C15346) Completed HPV E6/E7 Oncoprotein-Driven Transformation
Viral_Encephalitis Vaccination (NCIT:C15346) Completed Viral Neuroinvasion

STATUS

Phase 1: Flagship New Vaccine-Preventable Disease (VPD) Curations

Phase 2: Wire Existing VPD Entries with target_mechanisms & therapeutic_agent

Phase 3: Cross-Repo ai-gene-review, MRO / IEDB & Module Integration

NOTES

Useful Commands

# Validate a disorder entry after adding vaccine target_mechanisms
just validate kb/disorders/Rotaviral_Enteritis.yaml

# Verify term labels against NCIT / HGNC / GO caches
just validate-terms-file kb/disorders/Rotaviral_Enteritis.yaml

# Rebuild browser + project pages
just render-projects