Chikungunya is an arboviral disease caused by chikungunya virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presenting with acute fever, rash, and incapacitating arthralgia.
Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.
Provide detailed information focusing on: 1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding 2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources) 3. Current applications and real-world implementations 4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources 5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies
Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available. Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.
Please provide a comprehensive research report on Chikungunya covering all of the disease characteristics listed below. This report will be used to populate a disease knowledge base entry. Be thorough and cite primary literature (PMID preferred) for all claims.
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For each phenotype, provide: - Phenotype type: symptoms, clinical signs, physical manifestations, behavioral changes, or laboratory abnormalities
For symptoms/signs: HPO, OMIM, Orphanet, PubMed For behavioral changes: HPO, DSM, RDoC (Research Domain Criteria), PubMed For laboratory abnormalities: LOINC, SNOMED CT, LabTests Online, PubMed - Phenotype characteristics: Search first: OMIM, Orphanet, HPO, PubMed - Age of symptom onset (neonatal, childhood, adult-onset, late-onset) - Symptom severity (mild, moderate, severe, variable) - Symptom progression (stable, progressive, episodic, fluctuating) - Frequency among affected individuals (percentage or qualitative) - Quality of life impact: Effects on daily functioning and well-being (per-phenotype when possible) Search first: EQ-5D database, SF-36, WHO QOL databases, PubMed - Suggest HPO (Human Phenotype Ontology) terms for each phenotype
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For each mechanism, describe: - The causal chain from initial trigger to clinical manifestation - Which mechanisms are upstream vs downstream - What cell types and biological processes are involved - Suggest GO terms for biological processes and CL terms for cell types
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For each treatment, suggest MAXO (Medical Action Ontology) terms where applicable.
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Structure your response as a comprehensive narrative organized by the sections above. For each section, provide: - Factual content with specific details (numbers, percentages, gene names, variant nomenclature) - Ontology term suggestions (HPO, GO, CL, UBERON, CHEBI, MAXO, MONDO) where applicable - Evidence citations with PMIDs - Direct quotes from abstracts to support key claims - Clear indication when information is not available or not applicable for this disease
This report will be used to populate a disease knowledge base entry with: - Pathophysiology descriptions with causal chains - Gene/protein annotations (HGNC, GO terms) - Phenotype associations (HP terms) with frequencies - Cell type involvement (CL terms) - Anatomical locations (UBERON terms) - Chemical entities (CHEBI terms) - Treatment annotations (MAXO terms) - Evidence items with PMIDs and exact abstract quotes - Epidemiology, prognosis, diagnostic, and prevention information - Animal model descriptions with phenotype recapitulation details
Overview/definition. Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus, classically presenting with acute fever and prominent arthralgia/arthritis, with a substantial fraction developing persistent arthralgia lasting months to years (“chronic chikungunya”). (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11)
Key identifiers and controlled vocabularies (available from retrieved evidence). - MeSH heading: Chikungunya Fever; MeSH ID: D065632 (ClinicalTrials.gov metadata) (NCT04603131 chunk 2, NCT06973772 chunk 3) - MeSH ancestors (examples): Alphavirus Infections; Arbovirus Infections; Mosquito-Borne Diseases; Togaviridae Infections; RNA Virus Infections (NCT04603131 chunk 2)
Synonyms/alternative names in the retrieved sources. - “Chikungunya”, “Chikungunya fever”, “Chikungunya disease” (NCT04603131 chunk 2, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 1-2) - Abbreviations: “CHIK” (disease), “CHIKV” (virus) (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 1-2) - Chronic forms described as “chronic chikungunya disease (CCD)” and “chikungunya arthritis” (maurer2025comprehensiveassessmentof pages 29-29)
Identifiers not recovered in the tool-retrieved texts. ICD-10/ICD-11, MONDO, and Orphanet IDs were not present in the retrieved full text excerpts; therefore they are not asserted here from primary evidence. (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 1-2)
Evidence source type. This report synthesizes aggregated disease-level resources (systematic reviews/meta-analyses, cohort studies, diagnostic validation studies, regulatory/vaccine development reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov records), rather than individual EHR-only patient data. (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11, lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2, pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 1-2, chen2024frombenchto pages 2-3, NCT05072080 chunk 2)
Causal factor. Infection with CHIKV transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) is the proximate cause of chikungunya. (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2)
Risk factors (host/clinical). - Female sex increases risk of progression to chronic inflammatory joint disease in a prospective Brazilian cohort (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.15–1.99). (lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2) - Subacute persistence of symptoms (Day 21) and especially articular edema are predictors of chronification beyond 3 months (examples: reported edema RR 3.61; small-joint edema RR 4.22). (lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2) - Reviews highlight older age (>35 years) and obesity as correlates of severe/atypical disease presentations. (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2)
Protective factors / genetic factors. No robust human protective variants or definitive genetic susceptibility loci were identified in the retrieved evidence set. Mechanistic reviews discuss antiviral interferon responses as protective at the pathway level (see pathophysiology), but not as specific human protective genotypes. (ma2026pathogenesisofchronic pages 6-7, silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 2-4)
A recent systematic review/meta-analysis (published June 2024) quantified pooled symptom prevalences: arthralgia ~89.7%, fever ~87.8%, myalgia ~62.9%, rash ~44%, and headache ~49.5%; hospitalization during the acute phase was ~17%. (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media e50a84dc)
Suggested HPO mappings (examples). - Fever: HP:0001945 - Arthralgia: HP:0002829 - Arthritis (inflammatory joint disease): HP:0001369 - Myalgia: HP:0003326 - Rash (maculopapular): HP:0000980 (or HP:0001050 for generalized rash) - Headache: HP:0002315 - Joint swelling/edema: HP:0001382 - Fatigue: HP:0012378
(Phenotype names and frequencies supported by meta-analysis; HPO IDs are standard ontology suggestions for knowledge-base normalization.) (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11)
Persistence/chronicity rates (pooled). Symptom persistence declines over time but remains substantial: 43.9% at 3 months, 34.4% at 6 months, and 31.9% at 12 months in pooled estimates. (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 900f64f8)
Cohort-based chronic inflammatory joint disease and imaging. In a prospective Brazilian cohort (PLOS NTD; Jan 2023), 45.3% (39/86) of those completing follow-up met criteria for post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory joint disease (pCHIKV-CIJD); among those examined by ultrasound, 90.6% had abnormal findings, with synovitis (65.5%) and joint effusion (58.6%) common. (lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2)
Quality-of-life and fatigue impacts. A Colombia cohort study (published Oct 2024) assessed adults seven years after infection: 14.1% had post-CHIKV chronic rheumatism, and chronic fatigue prevalence was 54.6% in that chronic rheumatism group (vs 8.6% in those without rheumatic disease); QoL was significantly worse in groups with chronic rheumatologic/non-inflammatory pain than those without rheumatic disease. (lozanoparra2024chronicrheumatologicdisease pages 1-2)
Suggested HPO mappings for chronic disease. - Synovitis: HP:0100765 - Joint effusion: HP:0002203 - Morning stiffness: HP:0030833 - Chronic fatigue: HP:0012432
(pCHIKV-CIJD imaging and chronic fatigue/QoL supported by cohort studies; HPO IDs are standard ontology suggestions.) (lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2, lozanoparra2024chronicrheumatologicdisease pages 1-2)
Chikungunya is not a monogenic inherited disease; host genetics may influence severity/chronicity, but specific causal variants were not retrieved in the current evidence set. (ma2026pathogenesisofchronic pages 7-9)
The primary environmental determinant is exposure to competent mosquito vectors (Aedes spp.), with public-health relevance heightened in settings with co-circulating arboviruses (e.g., dengue, Zika) that overlap clinically and diagnostically. (pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 1-2)
Persistent musculoskeletal disease is widely interpreted as an immunopathologic sequel driven by tissue tropism, inflammatory signaling, and persistence of viral antigen/RNA in joint-related compartments.
Causal chain (high-level): 1) Acute infection and tissue tropism: CHIKV shows tropism for monocytes/macrophages and joint-associated cells (including fibroblasts/synoviocytes), triggering robust innate cytokine and chemokine responses (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17; CCL2; CXCL9/10). (silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 4-5) 2) Innate antiviral pathways and evasion: Type I interferon responses help control replication; CHIKV nonstructural proteins can antagonize interferon signaling, which may contribute to persistence and worse chronic outcomes. (ma2026pathogenesisofchronic pages 6-7) 3) Antigen persistence and macrophage-centered chronic inflammation: Mechanistic synthesis proposes that viral antigens persist post-infection and sustain activation of synovial macrophages, including via SLAMF7, promoting recruitment/infiltration of CD4+ T cells and chronic local cytokine production. (silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 1-2) 4) Th17 axis and bone/cartilage injury: Expansion of Th17 responses and IL-17 signaling promotes RANKL upregulation, osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and matrix remodeling; persistent proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6/MCP-1) and MMP activation contribute to cartilage extracellular matrix degradation. (silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 4-5, lozanoparra2024acuteimmunologicalprofile pages 8-10)
Suggested Cell Ontology (CL) terms (examples). - Macrophage: CL:0000235 - Monocyte: CL:0000576 - CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell: CL:0000624 - T helper 17 cell: CL:0000899
Suggested GO Biological Process terms (examples). - Type I interferon signaling pathway - Inflammatory response - Positive regulation of cytokine production - Osteoclast differentiation - Extracellular matrix disassembly
(Mechanistic claims supported by 2024 immunopathology review and 2024 systematic review of immunologic biomarkers; terms are ontology suggestions for knowledge-base normalization.) (silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 1-2, lozanoparra2024acuteimmunologicalprofile pages 8-10)
Primary morbidity is musculoskeletal/joint involvement (synovium and peri-articular tissues) with imaging evidence of synovitis and effusion in chronic inflammatory joint disease. (lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2)
Suggested UBERON terms (examples). - Synovial membrane: UBERON:0002390 - Joint: UBERON:0000982
Chikungunya is typically acute onset, with prominent symptoms during the first 7–10 days, but a substantial fraction progress to persistent/chronic arthralgia over months to years. Pooled chronicity at 3–12 months remains ~32–44%. (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 900f64f8)
A worldwide observational study estimating 2024 autochthonous burden reported 696,564 cases globally (incidence 11.13/100,000) and that the Americas carried the largest burden (431,305 cases; 43.90/100,000). (wang2026globalandregional pages 4-5)
Guidance summarized in a 2023 international evaluation study supports: - rRT-PCR within the first week of illness (confirmatory), with rRT-PCR alone days 0–5, and rRT-PCR ± IgM days 5–7; after day 7, serology becomes central. (pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 2-3) - After day 7, IgM positivity is presumptive, and paired sera IgG seroconversion or ≥4-fold rise confirms active infection; IgG may persist for years. (pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 2-3)
Differential diagnosis. Because clinical presentation overlaps with dengue and Zika (especially during co-circulation), diagnostic algorithms emphasize early RT-PCR and careful interpretation of serology. (pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 1-2)
Chronic morbidity. Pooled chronicity rates are substantial at 3–12 months (43.9% → 31.9%), with cohort evidence of chronic inflammatory arthritis syndromes and QoL impairment. (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11, lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2)
Mortality. Meta-analysis estimated overall mortality around 0.32% in general/low-risk populations, but much higher mortality estimates in hospitalized/elderly/high-risk subgroups. (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 3fb5798c)
Surveillance under-ascertainment of death. Excess mortality analysis in Brazil (2023) indicates routine surveillance may severely underestimate chikungunya-attributable mortality during epidemics. (freitas2024excessmortalityassociated pages 1-2)
No specific antivirals. Multiple reviews note there is no FDA-approved CHIKV-specific antiviral medication, and clinical management is primarily supportive/symptomatic. (irfan2024advancementsinchikungunya pages 1-2, maurer2025comprehensiveassessmentof pages 1-2)
Acute symptomatic management (real-world). Supportive care includes rest, hydration, analgesics and NSAIDs. (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2)
Chronic inflammatory arthritis management (real-world). For persistent inflammatory manifestations, treatments include NSAIDs and corticosteroids; DMARDs such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine are used when disease resembles RA-like inflammatory arthritis, with TNF inhibitors (e.g., etanercept) reported for refractory cases. (silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 2-4)
Suggested MAXO mappings (examples). - Vaccination: MAXO:0000102 (immunization/vaccination) - NSAID therapy: (MAXO class “drug therapy” + NSAID) - Corticosteroid therapy: (MAXO class “drug therapy” + glucocorticoid) - DMARD therapy (methotrexate/sulfasalazine/leflunomide/hydroxychloroquine): (MAXO class “drug therapy”) - TNF inhibitor therapy: (MAXO class “biologic therapy”)
(MAXO IDs can vary by release; the above are suggested mapping categories for knowledge-base annotation.)
IXCHIQ (VLA1553) approvals. The live-attenuated single-dose vaccine IXCHIQ was approved by the US FDA (Nov 2023), Health Canada (Jun 2024), and the European Commission (Jul 2024). (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2)
IXCHIQ immunogenicity (phase 3, surrogate endpoint). A Journal of Travel Medicine development review (published/accepted in 2024) reports seroresponse of 98.9% at Day 28 and durable seroconversion at 6 months (98.3%). (chen2024frombenchto pages 2-3)
IXCHIQ safety/reactogenicity (pooled trial evidence). Solicited systemic events were common but mostly short-lived: fever 13.5%, arthralgia 17.2%, myalgia 23.9%, fatigue 28.5%, headache 31.6%. Broad-definition AESIs were 11.7% in vaccine vs 0.6% placebo; prolonged AESIs (≥30 days) occurred in 0.5% and severe cases in 1.6% of vaccine recipients in the cited pooled analysis. (maurer2025comprehensiveassessmentof pages 1-2)
When vaccines are unavailable or for broader population control, prevention relies on reducing mosquito breeding sites and avoiding bites (repellents, protective clothing, screens). (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2)
The retrieved evidence set did not provide primary data on naturally occurring disease in non-human vertebrate species beyond experimental models; thus, non-human natural-host epidemiology is not asserted here. (chen2024frombenchto pages 2-3)
Vaccine and pathogenesis research commonly uses: - Mouse models (immunogenicity, viremia, clinical signs) (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 2-4) - Non-human primates (e.g., cynomolgus macaques) for immunogenicity, challenge protection, and establishing a serological surrogate of protection used for accelerated vaccine development. (chen2024frombenchto pages 2-3)
| Metric | Value | Population/Context | Source (DOI + month/year) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute arthralgia prevalence | 89.7% | Pooled symptomatic chikungunya cases in systematic review/meta-analysis | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Acute hallmark symptom |
| Acute fever prevalence | 87.8% | Pooled symptomatic chikungunya cases | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Common early presentation |
| Acute myalgia prevalence | 62.9% | Pooled symptomatic chikungunya cases | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Often accompanies fever/arthralgia |
| Acute rash prevalence | ~44% | Pooled symptomatic chikungunya cases | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Maculopapular rash commonly reported |
| Acute headache prevalence | ~49.5% | Pooled symptomatic chikungunya cases | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Non-specific but frequent |
| Hospitalization rate | ~17% | Acute-phase chikungunya cases | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Heterogeneous across studies |
| Chronicity at 3 months | 43.9% | Post-acute/chronic symptom persistence | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Chronic arthralgia declines over time |
| Chronicity at 6 months | 34.4% | Post-acute/chronic symptom persistence | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Persistent burden remains substantial |
| Chronicity at 12 months | 31.9% | Post-acute/chronic symptom persistence | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Consistent with long-term sequelae burden |
| Mortality rate | 0.32% | General/low-risk pooled estimate | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, Jun 2024 (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11) | Higher in hospitalized/elderly/high-risk groups |
| 2023 Brazil excess mortality estimate | 890 excess deaths; 35.1/100,000 | North and Northeast macroregions of Minas Gerais, Brazil; 2023 epidemic | 10.3389/fitd.2024.1466207, Oct 2024 (freitas2024excessmortalityassociated pages 1-2, freitas2024excessmortalityassociated pages 5-7) | ~60-fold above deaths captured by surveillance in study region |
| 2024 global burden | 696,564 autochthonous cases; 11.13/100,000 incidence | Global | 10.7189/jogh.16.04055, Feb 2026 (wang2026globalandregional pages 4-5) | Americas: 431,305 cases; 43.90/100,000 |
| 2023 Argentina outbreak | 2,314 confirmed cases; ECSA genotype predominated | Argentina, EW1–43 2023 | 10.1080/22221751.2024.2362941, Jun 2024 (fabbri2024tracingtheevolution pages 1-2) | 2016 epidemic had Asian lineage; 2023 shifted to ECSA |
| 2023 Europe cases | 0 cases reported in 2023; 4,730 total in 2007–2022 | Mainland Europe surveillance | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012904, Mar 2025 (liu2025chikungunyavirusin pages 1-2) | Most historic European cases were travel-related |
| Diagnostic timing: RT-PCR vs serology | RT-PCR ≤7 days; RT-PCR alone days 0–5; RT-PCR ± IgM days 5–7; serology after day 7 | Laboratory diagnosis of acute vs later infection | 10.3390/diagnostics13132306, Jul 2023 (pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 2-3, pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 15-16) | Paired IgG seroconversion or ≥4-fold rise confirms active infection after day 7 |
| VIDAS IgM detection window | 88.2–100.0% positive at ≥5 days post-symptom onset | Proven CHIKV infection | 10.3390/diagnostics13132306, Jul 2023 (pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 15-16, pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 1-2) | Agreement with ELISA 97.5–100% |
| VIDAS IgG detection window | 100.0% positive at ≥11 days post-symptom onset | Proven CHIKV infection | 10.3390/diagnostics13132306, Jul 2023 (pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 15-16, pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 1-2) | Useful for later diagnosis/surveillance |
| IgM persistence >2 years | 33% (7/21) remained IgM-positive >720 DPSO | Patients with chronic arthralgia | 10.1186/s12985-025-02721-x, Apr 2025 (jacobnascimento2025longtermpersistenceof pages 1-2, jacobnascimento2025longtermpersistenceof pages 5-7) | Positive IgM may not indicate recent infection |
| IXCHIQ approval dates | US FDA: Nov 2023; Health Canada: Jun 2024; European Commission: Jul 2024 | Regulatory approvals for VLA1553/IXCHIQ | 10.1007/s40259-024-00677-y, Sep 2024 (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2); 10.1007/s40259-024-00677-y, Sep 2024 (weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2) | First licensed chikungunya vaccine |
| IXCHIQ phase 3 seroresponse | 98.9% at Day 28; 98.3% maintained seroconversion at 6 months | Pivotal phase 3, n=4,128 | 10.1093/jtm/taae123, Sep 2024 (chen2024frombenchto pages 2-3) | Immune responses similar in older adults |
| IXCHIQ reactogenicity | Fever 13.5%; arthralgia 17.2%; myalgia 23.9%; fatigue 28.5%; headache 31.6% | Pooled VLA1553 clinical-trial safety data | 10.3390/vaccines13060576, May 2025 (maurer2025comprehensiveassessmentof pages 1-2) | Broad AESIs 11.7%; prolonged AESIs 0.5%; severe cases 1.6% |
| PXVX0317 phase 3 trial | NCT05072080 | VLP-based chikungunya vaccine, sponsor Bavarian Nordic | ClinicalTrials.gov, 2021 entry (NCT05072080 chunk 2) | Phase 3 placebo-controlled study with immunogenicity endpoints at Days 8, 15, 22, 183 |
Table: This table compiles the most important quantitative clinical, epidemiologic, diagnostic, and vaccine-development metrics for chikungunya from the gathered evidence. It is useful as a quick-reference summary for populating a disease knowledge base or supporting a narrative research report.
Key pooled estimates and forest plots for chronicity, mortality, and symptomatic rate are presented in the meta-analysis Table/Figures. (rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media e50a84dc, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 900f64f8, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 3fb5798c, rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 32d1ac79)
References
(weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 1-2): Whitney C. Weber, Daniel N. Streblow, and Lark L. Coffey. Chikungunya virus vaccines: a review of ixchiq and pxvx0317 from pre-clinical evaluation to licensure. Biodrugs, 38:727-742, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40259-024-00677-y, doi:10.1007/s40259-024-00677-y. This article has 49 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(NCT04603131 chunk 2): Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Immunogenicity of Chikungunya Vaccine. Bharat Biotech International Limited. 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04603131
(rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 8-11): Kris Rama, Adrianne M. de Roo, Timon Louwsma, Hinko S. Hofstra, Gabriel S. Gurgel do Amaral, Gerard T. Vondeling, Maarten J. Postma, and Roel D. Freriks. Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 18:e0012254, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254. This article has 68 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(NCT06973772 chunk 3): Trial to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of the Co-administration of Live Attenuated Dengue and Chikungunya Vaccines Compared to Separate Administration in Adults Aged 18 to 59 Years.. Butantan Institute. 2026. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06973772
(rama2024clinicaloutcomesof pages 1-2): Kris Rama, Adrianne M. de Roo, Timon Louwsma, Hinko S. Hofstra, Gabriel S. Gurgel do Amaral, Gerard T. Vondeling, Maarten J. Postma, and Roel D. Freriks. Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 18:e0012254, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254. This article has 68 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(maurer2025comprehensiveassessmentof pages 29-29): Gabriele Maurer, Vera Buerger, Julian Larcher-Senn, Florian Erlsbacher, Stéphanie Meyer, Susanne Eder-Lingelbach, and Juan Carlos Jaramillo. Comprehensive assessment of reactogenicity and safety of the live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine (ixchiq®). Vaccines, 13:576, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060576, doi:10.3390/vaccines13060576. This article has 6 citations.
(lazari2023clinicalmarkersof pages 1-2): Carolina dos Santos Lázari, Mariana Severo Ramundo, Felipe ten-Caten, Clarisse S. Bressan, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Erika Regina Manuli, Isabella de Moraes, Geovana Maria Pereira, Marina Farrel Côrtes, Darlan da Silva Candido, Alexandra L. Gerber, Ana Paula Guimarães, Nuno Rodrigues Faria, Helder I. Nakaya, Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos, Patrícia Brasil, Gláucia Paranhos-Baccalà, and Ester Cerdeira Sabino. Clinical markers of post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory joint disease: a brazilian cohort. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 17:e0011037, Jan 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011037, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011037. This article has 19 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 1-2): Geovana M. Pereira, Erika R. Manuli, Laurie Coulon, Marina F. Côrtes, Mariana S. Ramundo, Loïc Dromenq, Audrey Larue-Triolet, Frédérique Raymond, Carole Tourneur, Carolina dos Santos Lázari, Patricia Brasil, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà, Alice Banz, and Ester C. Sabino. Performance evaluation of vidas® diagnostic assays detecting anti-chikungunya virus igm and igg antibodies: an international study. Diagnostics, 13:2306, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132306, doi:10.3390/diagnostics13132306. This article has 4 citations.
(chen2024frombenchto pages 2-3): Lin H Chen, Andrea Fritzer, Romana Hochreiter, Katrin Dubischar, and Stéphanie Meyer. From bench to clinic: the development of vla1553/ixchiq, a live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine. Journal of Travel Medicine, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taae123, doi:10.1093/jtm/taae123. This article has 38 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(NCT05072080 chunk 2): A Phase 3 Trial of the VLP-Based Chikungunya Vaccine PXVX0317 (CHIKV VLP Vaccine). Bavarian Nordic. 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05072080
(ma2026pathogenesisofchronic pages 6-7): Mengye Ma, Leyi Li, Hao Sun, and Xiaochao Zhang. Pathogenesis of chronic arthritis due to chikungunya virus and advances in vaccine development. Viruses, 18:428, Apr 2026. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040428, doi:10.3390/v18040428. This article has 0 citations.
(silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 2-4): Jayme Euclydes Picasky Silveira-Freitas, Maria Luiza Campagnolo, Mariana dos Santos Cortez, Fabrício Freire de Melo, Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz, and Kádima Nayara Teixeira. Long chikungunya? an overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia. World Journal of Virology, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985, doi:10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985. This article has 11 citations.
(rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media e50a84dc): Kris Rama, Adrianne M. de Roo, Timon Louwsma, Hinko S. Hofstra, Gabriel S. Gurgel do Amaral, Gerard T. Vondeling, Maarten J. Postma, and Roel D. Freriks. Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 18:e0012254, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254. This article has 68 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 900f64f8): Kris Rama, Adrianne M. de Roo, Timon Louwsma, Hinko S. Hofstra, Gabriel S. Gurgel do Amaral, Gerard T. Vondeling, Maarten J. Postma, and Roel D. Freriks. Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 18:e0012254, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254. This article has 68 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(lozanoparra2024chronicrheumatologicdisease pages 1-2): Anyela Lozano-Parra, Víctor Herrera, Carlos Calderón, Reynaldo Badillo, Rosa Margarita Gélvez Ramírez, María Isabel Estupiñán Cárdenas, José Fernando Lozano Jiménez, Luis Ángel Villar, and Elsa Marina Rojas Garrido. Chronic rheumatologic disease in chikungunya virus fever: results from a cohort study conducted in piedecuesta, colombia. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100247, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed9100247. This article has 9 citations.
(ma2026pathogenesisofchronic pages 7-9): Mengye Ma, Leyi Li, Hao Sun, and Xiaochao Zhang. Pathogenesis of chronic arthritis due to chikungunya virus and advances in vaccine development. Viruses, 18:428, Apr 2026. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040428, doi:10.3390/v18040428. This article has 0 citations.
(silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 4-5): Jayme Euclydes Picasky Silveira-Freitas, Maria Luiza Campagnolo, Mariana dos Santos Cortez, Fabrício Freire de Melo, Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz, and Kádima Nayara Teixeira. Long chikungunya? an overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia. World Journal of Virology, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985, doi:10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985. This article has 11 citations.
(silveirafreitas2024longchikungunya?an pages 1-2): Jayme Euclydes Picasky Silveira-Freitas, Maria Luiza Campagnolo, Mariana dos Santos Cortez, Fabrício Freire de Melo, Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz, and Kádima Nayara Teixeira. Long chikungunya? an overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia. World Journal of Virology, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985, doi:10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985. This article has 11 citations.
(lozanoparra2024acuteimmunologicalprofile pages 8-10): Anyela Lozano-Parra, Víctor Herrera, Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima, Rosa Margarita Gélvez Ramírez, and Luis Ángel Villar. Acute immunological profile and prognostic biomarkers of persistent joint pain in chikungunya fever: a systematic review. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 97:473-489, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.59249/rqyj3197, doi:10.59249/rqyj3197. This article has 8 citations.
(wang2026globalandregional pages 4-5): Sijia Wang, Yutong Liu, Yaping Wang, Liyan Zhou, and Jue Liu. Global and regional burden of chikungunya from 2004 to 2024: a worldwide observational study. Journal of Global Health, Feb 2026. URL: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.16.04055, doi:10.7189/jogh.16.04055. This article has 0 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(freitas2024excessmortalityassociated pages 1-2): André Ricardo Ribas Freitas, Antonio Silva Lima Neto, Rosana Rodrigues, Erneson Alves de Oliveira, José S. Andrade, and Luciano P. G. Cavalcanti. Excess mortality associated with chikungunya epidemic in southeast brazil, 2023. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1466207, doi:10.3389/fitd.2024.1466207. This article has 13 citations.
(fabbri2024tracingtheevolution pages 1-2): Cintia Fabbri, Marta Giovanetti, Victoria Luppo, Vagner Fonseca, Jorge Garcia, Cintia Barulli, Mariel Feroci, Sofia Perrone, Doraldina Casoni, Sergio Giamperetti, Maria Cristina Alvarez Lopez, Maria Delia Foussal, Mauricio Figueredo, Karina Salvatierra, Sergio Lejona, Natalia Ruiz Diaz, Gonzalo Castro, Gabriela Bravo, Noelia Jackel, Carina Sen, Tomás Poklepovich Caride, Leticia Franco, Carlos Giovachini, Jairo Mendez Rico, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, and Maria Alejandra Morales. Tracing the evolution of the chikungunya virus in argentina, 2016-2023: independent introductions and prominence of latin american lineages. Emerging Microbes & Infections, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2024.2362941, doi:10.1080/22221751.2024.2362941. This article has 7 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(liu2025chikungunyavirusin pages 1-2): Qian Liu, Hong Shen, Li Gu, Hui Yuan, and Wentao Zhu. Chikungunya virus in europe: a retrospective epidemiology study from 2007 to 2023. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19:e0012904, Mar 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012904, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012904. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 2-3): Geovana M. Pereira, Erika R. Manuli, Laurie Coulon, Marina F. Côrtes, Mariana S. Ramundo, Loïc Dromenq, Audrey Larue-Triolet, Frédérique Raymond, Carole Tourneur, Carolina dos Santos Lázari, Patricia Brasil, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà, Alice Banz, and Ester C. Sabino. Performance evaluation of vidas® diagnostic assays detecting anti-chikungunya virus igm and igg antibodies: an international study. Diagnostics, 13:2306, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132306, doi:10.3390/diagnostics13132306. This article has 4 citations.
(pereira2023performanceevaluationof pages 15-16): Geovana M. Pereira, Erika R. Manuli, Laurie Coulon, Marina F. Côrtes, Mariana S. Ramundo, Loïc Dromenq, Audrey Larue-Triolet, Frédérique Raymond, Carole Tourneur, Carolina dos Santos Lázari, Patricia Brasil, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà, Alice Banz, and Ester C. Sabino. Performance evaluation of vidas® diagnostic assays detecting anti-chikungunya virus igm and igg antibodies: an international study. Diagnostics, 13:2306, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132306, doi:10.3390/diagnostics13132306. This article has 4 citations.
(simo2023chikungunyavirusdiagnosis pages 4-6): Fredy Brice Nemg Simo, Felicity Jane Burt, and Nigel Aminake Makoah. Chikungunya virus diagnosis: a review of current antigen detection methods. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8:365, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070365, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8070365. This article has 32 citations.
(jacobnascimento2025longtermpersistenceof pages 5-7): Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento, Rosângela O. Anjos, Moyra M. Portilho, Viviane M. Cavalcanti, Adriane S. Paz, Lorena G. Santos, Moisés S. Sousa, Julia G. Costa, Mariane R. Silva, Patrícia S. S. Moreira, Uriel Kitron, Scott C. Weaver, Mittermayer B. Santiago, Mitermayer G. Reis, and Guilherme S. Ribeiro. Long-term persistence of serum igm antibodies against chikungunya virus in patients with chronic arthralgia. Virology Journal, Apr 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02721-x, doi:10.1186/s12985-025-02721-x. This article has 6 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 3fb5798c): Kris Rama, Adrianne M. de Roo, Timon Louwsma, Hinko S. Hofstra, Gabriel S. Gurgel do Amaral, Gerard T. Vondeling, Maarten J. Postma, and Roel D. Freriks. Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 18:e0012254, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254. This article has 68 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(irfan2024advancementsinchikungunya pages 1-2): Hamza Irfan and Aliza Ahmed. Advancements in chikungunya virus management: fda approval of ixchiq vaccine and global perspectives. Health Science Reports, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.2183, doi:10.1002/hsr2.2183. This article has 9 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(maurer2025comprehensiveassessmentof pages 1-2): Gabriele Maurer, Vera Buerger, Julian Larcher-Senn, Florian Erlsbacher, Stéphanie Meyer, Susanne Eder-Lingelbach, and Juan Carlos Jaramillo. Comprehensive assessment of reactogenicity and safety of the live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine (ixchiq®). Vaccines, 13:576, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060576, doi:10.3390/vaccines13060576. This article has 6 citations.
(weber2024chikungunyavirusvaccines pages 2-4): Whitney C. Weber, Daniel N. Streblow, and Lark L. Coffey. Chikungunya virus vaccines: a review of ixchiq and pxvx0317 from pre-clinical evaluation to licensure. Biodrugs, 38:727-742, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40259-024-00677-y, doi:10.1007/s40259-024-00677-y. This article has 49 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(NCT03992872 chunk 1): Phase 2 Open-label Study of Alum-adjuvanted Chikungunya Virus-like Particle Vaccine (PXVX0317). Bavarian Nordic. 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03992872
(NCT06973772 chunk 1): Trial to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of the Co-administration of Live Attenuated Dengue and Chikungunya Vaccines Compared to Separate Administration in Adults Aged 18 to 59 Years.. Butantan Institute. 2026. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06973772
(freitas2024excessmortalityassociated pages 5-7): André Ricardo Ribas Freitas, Antonio Silva Lima Neto, Rosana Rodrigues, Erneson Alves de Oliveira, José S. Andrade, and Luciano P. G. Cavalcanti. Excess mortality associated with chikungunya epidemic in southeast brazil, 2023. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1466207, doi:10.3389/fitd.2024.1466207. This article has 13 citations.
(jacobnascimento2025longtermpersistenceof pages 1-2): Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento, Rosângela O. Anjos, Moyra M. Portilho, Viviane M. Cavalcanti, Adriane S. Paz, Lorena G. Santos, Moisés S. Sousa, Julia G. Costa, Mariane R. Silva, Patrícia S. S. Moreira, Uriel Kitron, Scott C. Weaver, Mittermayer B. Santiago, Mitermayer G. Reis, and Guilherme S. Ribeiro. Long-term persistence of serum igm antibodies against chikungunya virus in patients with chronic arthralgia. Virology Journal, Apr 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02721-x, doi:10.1186/s12985-025-02721-x. This article has 6 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(rama2024clinicaloutcomesof media 32d1ac79): Kris Rama, Adrianne M. de Roo, Timon Louwsma, Hinko S. Hofstra, Gabriel S. Gurgel do Amaral, Gerard T. Vondeling, Maarten J. Postma, and Roel D. Freriks. Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 18:e0012254, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254. This article has 68 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
name: Chikungunya
creation_date: '2026-01-26T15:56:41Z'
updated_date: '2026-04-11T01:06:52Z'
category: Infectious Disease
description: >-
Chikungunya is an arboviral disease caused by chikungunya virus and
transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presenting with acute fever, rash,
and incapacitating arthralgia.
disease_term:
term:
id: MONDO:0017941
label: chikungunya
preferred_term: Chikungunya
parents:
- Arbovirus Infection
- Neglected tropical disease
infectious_agent:
- name: Chikungunya virus
infectious_agent_term:
preferred_term: Chikungunya virus
term:
id: NCBITaxon:37124
label: Chikungunya virus
description: Alphavirus responsible for chikungunya disease.
evidence:
- reference: PMID:29533749
reference_title: "Chikungunya virus: a rheumatologist's perspective."
supports: SUPPORT
snippet: "Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne alphavirus"
explanation: The abstract identifies CHIKV as an alphavirus.
agent_life_cycle:
description: Chikungunya virus cycles between human hosts and Aedes mosquito vectors.
hosts:
- preferred_term: human
term:
id: NCBITaxon:9606
label: Homo sapiens
role: definitive host
vectors:
- Aedes aegypti (NCBITaxon:7159)
- Aedes albopictus (NCBITaxon:7160)
transmission:
- name: Aedes mosquito transmission
description: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus transmit chikungunya virus.
evidence:
- reference: PMID:29533749
reference_title: "Chikungunya virus: a rheumatologist's perspective."
supports: SUPPORT
snippet: "Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne alphavirus, transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes."
explanation: The abstract specifies Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as vectors.
phenotypes:
- name: Fever
category: Systemic
frequency: VERY_FREQUENT
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Fever
term:
id: HP:0001945
label: Fever
evidence:
- reference: PMID:17448935
reference_title: "Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis."
supports: SUPPORT
snippet: "The disease typically consists of an acute illness characterised by fever, rash, and incapacitating arthralgia."
explanation: Fever is a typical feature of acute chikungunya.
- name: Skin rash
category: Dermatologic
frequency: FREQUENT
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Skin rash
term:
id: HP:0000988
label: Skin rash
evidence:
- reference: PMID:17448935
reference_title: "Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis."
supports: SUPPORT
snippet: "The disease typically consists of an acute illness characterised by fever, rash, and incapacitating arthralgia."
explanation: Rash is a typical feature of acute chikungunya.
- name: Arthralgia
category: Musculoskeletal
frequency: VERY_FREQUENT
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Arthralgia
term:
id: HP:0002829
label: Arthralgia
evidence:
- reference: PMID:17448935
reference_title: "Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis."
supports: SUPPORT
snippet: "The disease typically consists of an acute illness characterised by fever, rash, and incapacitating arthralgia."
explanation: Arthralgia is a hallmark of acute chikungunya.
treatments:
- name: Symptomatic management
description: Supportive care for acute chikungunya.
treatment_term:
preferred_term: supportive care
term:
id: MAXO:0000950
label: supportive care
evidence:
- reference: PMID:29533749
reference_title: "Chikungunya virus: a rheumatologist's perspective."
supports: SUPPORT
snippet: "Treatment of acute CHIK is symptomatic"
explanation: The abstract notes that acute chikungunya treatment is symptomatic.
references:
- reference: DOI:10.1002/hsr2.2183
title: 'Advancements in chikungunya virus management: FDA approval of ixchiq vaccine and global perspectives'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: 'Advancements in chikungunya virus management: FDA approval of ixchiq vaccine and global perspectives'
supporting_text: 'Advancements in chikungunya virus management: FDA approval of ixchiq vaccine and global perspectives'
- reference: DOI:10.1007/s40259-024-00677-y
title: 'Chikungunya Virus Vaccines: A Review of IXCHIQ and PXVX0317 from Pre-Clinical Evaluation to Licensure'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: 'Chikungunya Virus Vaccines: A Review of IXCHIQ and PXVX0317 from Pre-Clinical Evaluation to Licensure'
supporting_text: 'Chikungunya Virus Vaccines: A Review of IXCHIQ and PXVX0317 from Pre-Clinical Evaluation to Licensure'
- reference: DOI:10.1080/22221751.2024.2362941
title: 'Tracing the evolution of the chikungunya virus in Argentina, 2016-2023: independent introductions and prominence of Latin American lineages'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: 'Tracing the evolution of the chikungunya virus in Argentina, 2016-2023: independent introductions and prominence of Latin American lineages'
supporting_text: 'Tracing the evolution of the chikungunya virus in Argentina, 2016-2023: independent introductions and prominence of Latin American lineages'
- reference: DOI:10.1093/jtm/taae123
title: 'From bench to clinic: the development of VLA1553/IXCHIQ, a live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Over the past 20 years, over 5 million cases of chikungunya, a mosquito-transmitted viral disease, have been reported in over 110 countries.
supporting_text: Over the past 20 years, over 5 million cases of chikungunya, a mosquito-transmitted viral disease, have been reported in over 110 countries.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1093/jtm/taae123
reference_title: 'From bench to clinic: the development of VLA1553/IXCHIQ, a live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Over the past 20 years, over 5 million cases of chikungunya, a mosquito-transmitted viral disease, have been reported in over 110 countries.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.1186/s12985-025-02721-x
title: Long-term persistence of serum IgM antibodies against chikungunya virus in patients with chronic arthralgia
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Anti-Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) IgM antibodies may persist for months after infection in some individuals, but the evidence is limited, and their exact duration remains unknown.
supporting_text: Anti-Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) IgM antibodies may persist for months after infection in some individuals, but the evidence is limited, and their exact duration remains unknown.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1186/s12985-025-02721-x
reference_title: Long-term persistence of serum IgM antibodies against chikungunya virus in patients with chronic arthralgia
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Anti-Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) IgM antibodies may persist for months after infection in some individuals, but the evidence is limited, and their exact duration remains unknown.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011037
title: 'Clinical markers of post-Chikungunya chronic inflammatory joint disease: A Brazilian cohort'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Chikungunya-fever (CHIKF) remains a public health major issue.
supporting_text: Chikungunya-fever (CHIKF) remains a public health major issue.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011037
reference_title: 'Clinical markers of post-Chikungunya chronic inflammatory joint disease: A Brazilian cohort'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Chikungunya-fever (CHIKF) remains a public health major issue.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254
title: 'Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by a mosquito-borne alphavirus.
supporting_text: Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by a mosquito-borne alphavirus.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012254
reference_title: 'Clinical outcomes of chikungunya: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by a mosquito-borne alphavirus.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012904
title: 'Chikungunya virus in Europe: A retrospective epidemiology study from 2007 to 2023'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is responsible for disease outbreaks worldwide.
supporting_text: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is responsible for disease outbreaks worldwide.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012904
reference_title: 'Chikungunya virus in Europe: A retrospective epidemiology study from 2007 to 2023'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is responsible for disease outbreaks worldwide.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fitd.2024.1466207
title: Excess mortality associated with chikungunya epidemic in Southeast Brazil, 2023
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first detected in Brazil in 2014 and has since caused major epidemics.
supporting_text: The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first detected in Brazil in 2014 and has since caused major epidemics.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fitd.2024.1466207
reference_title: Excess mortality associated with chikungunya epidemic in Southeast Brazil, 2023
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first detected in Brazil in 2014 and has since caused major epidemics.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/diagnostics13132306
title: 'Performance Evaluation of VIDAS® Diagnostic Assays Detecting Anti-Chikungunya Virus IgM and IgG Antibodies: An International Study'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Chikungunya (CHIK) is a debilitating mosquito-borne disease with an epidemiology and early clinical symptoms similar to those of other arboviruses-triggered diseases such as dengue or Zika.
supporting_text: Chikungunya (CHIK) is a debilitating mosquito-borne disease with an epidemiology and early clinical symptoms similar to those of other arboviruses-triggered diseases such as dengue or Zika.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/diagnostics13132306
reference_title: 'Performance Evaluation of VIDAS® Diagnostic Assays Detecting Anti-Chikungunya Virus IgM and IgG Antibodies: An International Study'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Chikungunya (CHIK) is a debilitating mosquito-borne disease with an epidemiology and early clinical symptoms similar to those of other arboviruses-triggered diseases such as dengue or Zika.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed8070365
title: 'Chikungunya Virus Diagnosis: A Review of Current Antigen Detection Methods'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
supporting_text: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed8070365
reference_title: 'Chikungunya Virus Diagnosis: A Review of Current Antigen Detection Methods'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed9100247
title: 'Chronic Rheumatologic Disease in Chikungunya Virus Fever: Results from a Cohort Study Conducted in Piedecuesta, Colombia'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: This study aimed to determine the incidence of post-chikungunya chronic rheumatism (pCHIK-CR) and its impact on quality of life (QoL) and chronic fatigue in adults seven years after the 2014–2015 CHIKV outbreak in Piedecuesta, Colombia.
supporting_text: This study aimed to determine the incidence of post-chikungunya chronic rheumatism (pCHIK-CR) and its impact on quality of life (QoL) and chronic fatigue in adults seven years after the 2014–2015 CHIKV outbreak in Piedecuesta, Colombia.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed9100247
reference_title: 'Chronic Rheumatologic Disease in Chikungunya Virus Fever: Results from a Cohort Study Conducted in Piedecuesta, Colombia'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: This study aimed to determine the incidence of post-chikungunya chronic rheumatism (pCHIK-CR) and its impact on quality of life (QoL) and chronic fatigue in adults seven years after the 2014–2015 CHIKV outbreak in Piedecuesta, Colombia.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/v18040428
title: Pathogenesis of Chronic Arthritis Due to Chikungunya Virus and Advances in Vaccine Development
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Chikungunya virus (CHIKungunya Virus, CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne plus-stranded RNA virus.
supporting_text: Chikungunya virus (CHIKungunya Virus, CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne plus-stranded RNA virus.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/v18040428
reference_title: Pathogenesis of Chronic Arthritis Due to Chikungunya Virus and Advances in Vaccine Development
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Chikungunya virus (CHIKungunya Virus, CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne plus-stranded RNA virus.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/vaccines13060576
title: Comprehensive Assessment of Reactogenicity and Safety of the Live-Attenuated Chikungunya Vaccine (IXCHIQ®)
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: This overview provides a comprehensive safety evaluation of the approved live-attenuated vaccine VLA1553 (IXCHIQ®) for active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in clinical trials.
supporting_text: This overview provides a comprehensive safety evaluation of the approved live-attenuated vaccine VLA1553 (IXCHIQ®) for active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in clinical trials.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/vaccines13060576
reference_title: Comprehensive Assessment of Reactogenicity and Safety of the Live-Attenuated Chikungunya Vaccine (IXCHIQ®)
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: This overview provides a comprehensive safety evaluation of the approved live-attenuated vaccine VLA1553 (IXCHIQ®) for active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in clinical trials.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985
title: Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years.
supporting_text: Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985
reference_title: Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Chikungunya.
- reference: DOI:10.59249/rqyj3197
title: 'Acute Immunological Profile and Prognostic Biomarkers of Persistent Joint Pain in Chikungunya Fever: A Systematic Review'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: 'Acute Immunological Profile and Prognostic Biomarkers of Persistent Joint Pain in Chikungunya Fever: A Systematic Review'
supporting_text: 'Acute Immunological Profile and Prognostic Biomarkers of Persistent Joint Pain in Chikungunya Fever: A Systematic Review'
- reference: DOI:10.7189/jogh.16.04055
title: 'Global and regional burden of chikungunya from 2004 to 2024: a worldwide observational study'
found_in:
- Chikungunya-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: 'Global and regional burden of chikungunya from 2004 to 2024: a worldwide observational study'
supporting_text: 'Global and regional burden of chikungunya from 2004 to 2024: a worldwide observational study'