Social Anxiety Disorder

1. Disease Information

1.1 What is the disease? (overview and current understanding)

Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by persistent fear and avoidance of social situations driven by concerns about negative evaluation (e.g., humiliation, rejection), producing clinically significant impairment in daily functioning. A recent expert review defines SAD as “persistent anxiety or avoidance of social situations because of a fear of negative evaluation.” (wolitzkytaylor2023recentadvancesin pages 1-3)

1.2 Key identifiers and controlled vocabularies

• ICD-10: F40.1 (Social phobia). This code is used operationally in Swedish national registry research and explicitly stated in a registry-validation study. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 2-5)
• MeSH: Phobia, Social (as used in PubMed search strategies in a QoL scoping review). (alnemr2024prevalenceofsocial pages 19-20)
• ICD-11 / DSM-5-TR: ICD‑11 criteria are referenced in the WFSBP guideline as a basis for treatment indication, but the retrieved excerpt does not provide a specific ICD‑11 code or full diagnostic text; DSM-IV diagnostic criteria are used in key RCTs. (bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20, clark2023morethandoubling pages 2-4)
• Synonyms/alternative names: Social anxiety disorder; social phobia. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 1-2)

1.3 Evidence-source type (individual vs aggregated)

• Aggregated disease-level resources: WFSBP international guideline synthesis and meta-analytic evidence; Japanese society guideline; systematic reviews/meta-analyses. (asakura2023japanesesocietyof pages 1-2, bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20, rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 1-2)
• Patient-level/clinical files: Swedish National Patient Register chart review validating SAD coding. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 1-2)
• Molecular profiling in humans: Peripheral blood RNA-seq and EWAS studies. (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2, wiegand2021dnamethylationdifferences pages 1-2)

2. Etiology

2.1 Disease causal factors (multifactorial)

SAD is widely described as multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental contributors. A transcriptome study states: “Multiple genetic as well as environmental factors contribute to the etiopathology of SAD.” (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2)

2.2 Risk factors

Genetic risk factors (familial aggregation and heritability)

A 2024 genetics-focused chapter summarizes family and twin evidence indicating that SAD “runs in families,” including findings that risk increases with genetic relatedness and that partners of affected individuals are about four times more likely to have SAD—interpreted as consistent with assortative mating. (bashoogendam2024geneticvulnerabilityto pages 1-6)

Twin evidence summarized in the same chapter reports a meta-analytic estimate that genetic factors explain ~0.41 of variance in social anxiety, while non-shared environmental factors explain ~0.54 (shared environment less prominent). (bashoogendam2024geneticvulnerabilityto pages 1-6)

Gap: SAD-specific GWAS loci / polygenic risk scores were not available in the retrieved full texts.

Environmental risk factors

Early-life stress/adversity is repeatedly highlighted as a major environmental risk factor for later SAD. The blood transcriptome study states: “One of the main risk factors for SAD is stress, especially during early periods of life (early life adversity; ELA).” (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2)

2.3 Protective factors

Direct protective factors specific to SAD were not identified in the retrieved corpus. (gap)

2.4 Gene–environment interaction and epigenetics

Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS)

A 2021 EWAS identified SAD-associated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in SLC43A2 and TNXB, with mean methylation differences reported on the order of ~9.3% and 5.3% across sites, respectively. (wiegand2021dnamethylationdifferences pages 3-6)

The same study identified ELA-associated DMRs in the SLC17A3 promoter and SIAH3, with mean methylation differences ~8.7% and 10.6%, and multiple DMRs associated with SAD×ELA interaction, including regions in C2CD2L and MRPL28 showing among the largest methylation differences. (wiegand2021dnamethylationdifferences pages 3-6)

3. Phenotypes

3.1 Core symptom/behavioral phenotype spectrum

Commonly emphasized phenotypes include: - fear of negative evaluation and humiliation; - avoidance of social situations; - performance/public-speaking anxiety; - functional impairment in work and social life. (wolitzkytaylor2023recentadvancesin pages 1-3, clark2023morethandoubling pages 1-2, rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 1-2)

3.2 Suggested HPO terms (examples)

The retrieved sources do not provide canonical HPO mappings; below are suggested phenotype anchors consistent with the measures and constructs explicitly used: - Social withdrawal (HPO: HP:0000726) (conceptual alignment with avoidance/withdrawal) (wolitzkytaylor2023recentadvancesin pages 1-3) - Anxiety (HPO: HP:0000739) (clark2023morethandoubling pages 4-5) - Performance anxiety (mapped to performance-only subtype discussed in DSM-5 context in VRET review) (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 1-2) - Fear of negative evaluation (anchored to FNE scale used in SAD trials) (clark2023morethandoubling pages 4-5)

(Additional phenotype/HPO suggestions are summarized in the structured table artifact.)

3.3 Quality of life and functional impact

SAD is associated with substantial impairment. In Swedish registry validation, reviewed cases were described as in the moderate range of severity and functional impairment using CGI-S and GAF in chart review. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 1-2)

4. Genetic/Molecular Information

4.1 Causal genes

No single causal gene is established in the retrieved sources; evidence supports polygenic/multifactorial liability. (bashoogendam2024geneticvulnerabilityto pages 1-6)

4.2 Molecular profiling evidence

Peripheral blood transcriptomics (RNA-seq)

A 2023 peripheral blood RNA-seq study found 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with SAD, with MAPK3 reported as the most significantly expressed gene (upregulated in SAD; p=0.003 in the abstract). Functional enrichment implicated “signal transduction pathways” and “inflammatory responses,” supporting immune-system involvement in the association between ELA and SAD, but concluded no direct transcriptional mediation of ELA→SAD. (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2)

Network enrichment and interactome analysis highlighted immune-related signal transduction and MAPK/STAT involvement, including STAT3, RAF1, and PTPN7 as relevant to MAPK3-linked immune signaling. (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 6-7)

Epigenetics (DNA methylation)

See Section 2.4 for EWAS results (SLC43A2, TNXB; and ELA-linked DMRs). (wiegand2021dnamethylationdifferences pages 3-6)

5. Environmental Information

The retrieved sources emphasize psychosocial stress/ELA as a major environmental factor and a mechanistic driver via immune dysregulation and long-lasting gene-expression regulation. (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2)

6. Mechanism / Pathophysiology

6.1 Psychological/cognitive mechanisms (core modern model)

A key contemporary mechanistic framing is the cognitive model of social phobia (Clark & Wells), operationalized in CT-SAD interventions; targeted maintenance processes include self-focused attention, safety behaviors, distorted self-imagery, and trauma-related social memories. The iCT-SAD RCT describes a protocol implementing these components (e.g., video feedback, behavioral experiments, discrimination training/memory rescripting for early socially traumatic memories). (clark2023morethandoubling pages 2-4)

6.2 Stress-immune-signal transduction mechanisms (molecular)

The blood transcriptome study frames ELA as producing “structural and regulatory alterations,” including immune dysregulation, and reports signal transduction and inflammatory enrichment; MAPK3 upregulation is highlighted, with network-level links to JAK–STAT/interleukin-related signaling modules in ELA. (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2, edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 6-7)

6.3 Biomarker status (expert consensus)

The WFSBP guideline notes that despite extensive neurobiology research, “no biomarker has to date proven sufficiently sensitive and specific.” (bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20)

6.4 Suggested ontology terms for mechanisms (examples)

• GO biological process (examples): signal transduction; MAPK cascade; cytokine-mediated signaling; interleukin-21 production / regulation themes (immune regulation mentioned in transcriptome enrichment context) (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 6-7)
• CL cell types (examples): CD4+ T cell / T-helper differentiation references appear in immune discussion of STAT3-related pathways (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 6-7)
• UBERON anatomical system: brain (behavioral/cognitive model) and peripheral blood (molecular profiling sample source). (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2, clark2023morethandoubling pages 2-4)

7. Anatomical Structures Affected

Direct SAD-specific neuroimaging anatomical conclusions were not available in the retrieved corpus. Evidence for anxiety disorders more broadly (not SAD-specific) suggests brain structure/function involvement; however, this is not used here as a SAD-specific anatomical claim. (zanoaga2024brainwidemendelianrandomization pages 1-4)

8. Temporal Development

Onset

Mean age of onset for SAD is reported as 14.3 years in a guideline synthesis referencing a meta-analysis across representative surveys. (bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20)

Course

SAD is repeatedly described as persistent/chronic and impairing; an RCT background notes it is among the most persistent common mental health problems without treatment, and a 2023 review highlights early onset and persistent course. (wolitzkytaylor2023recentadvancesin pages 1-3, clark2023morethandoubling pages 1-2)

9. Inheritance and Population

9.1 Epidemiology

• Lifetime prevalence: worldwide average lifetime prevalence reported as ~4% (also echoed in molecular study intro and BMC registry-validation intro). (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 1-2, edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2)
• 12-month prevalence: a mouse-model introduction citing epidemiology reports 12‑month prevalence 6.8% and lifetime prevalence 12.1% from NCS-R-era sources, while a more recent expert review reports U.S. 12‑month prevalence ~8%. (toth2012socialfearconditioning pages 1-2, wolitzkytaylor2023recentadvancesin pages 1-3)
• Sex ratio: female-to-male ratio 1.2–2.1 for SAD in a guideline synthesis. (bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20)

9.2 Registry-based population statistics (implementation/data provenance)

Swedish NPR context: 31,975 SAD cases were recorded from 1997–2013; annual incidence increased sharply after 2001 due to outpatient data inclusion. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 2-5)

9.3 Inheritance model

Evidence supports polygenic/multifactorial inheritance (familial aggregation + heritability), rather than Mendelian inheritance. (bashoogendam2024geneticvulnerabilityto pages 1-6)

10. Diagnostics

10.1 Diagnostic criteria and structured interviews

In the iCT-SAD RCT, diagnostic assessment used structured clinical interviews including the SAD module of the ADIS and screening modules of SCID-I and SCID-II (with additional modules as indicated). (clark2023morethandoubling pages 2-4)

10.2 Validated symptom severity instruments (clinical and research)

• LSAS (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale)
• SPIN (Social Phobia Inventory)
• SPS (Social Phobia Scale)
• SIAS (Social Interaction Anxiety Scale)
• FNE (Fear of Negative Evaluation) These were core measures in SAD RCT outcome composites. (clark2023morethandoubling pages 4-5)

10.3 Registry diagnostic validity

Swedish NPR ICD-10 SAD coding validation: among 95 analyzable medical files, 77 were true positives, PPV 0.81 (95% CI 0.72–0.88), with substantial inter-rater agreement (κ 0.72). (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 1-2)

10.4 Screening / monitoring tools in trials

Trials also used general measures such as GAD-7 and PHQ-9 to track anxious/depressed mood and risk. (clark2023morethandoubling pages 4-5)

11. Outcome/Prognosis

SAD is associated with substantial functional impairment and persistence; additionally, suicidality links in youth are supported by a 2023 systematic review/meta-analysis showing cross-sectional associations between social anxiety and suicide attempt (r=0.10), suicidal ideation (r=0.22), and suicide risk (r=0.24). (leigh2023socialanxietyand pages 1-2)

12. Treatment

12.1 Psychotherapy (first-line)

CT-SAD / CBT

A 2023 adult guideline for SAD in Japan suggests disorder-specific CBT (Clark & Wells or Heimberg models) delivered individually by a skilled therapist (weak recommendation; low certainty), and suggests supported CBT self-help when face-to-face CBT is declined. (asakura2023japanesesocietyof pages 1-2)

Internet cognitive therapy (iCT-SAD): real-world implementation evidence

A randomized controlled trial compared face-to-face CT-SAD vs internet-delivered CT-SAD with remote therapist support. - Sample: 102 patients randomized. - Efficacy: iCT-SAD did not differ from CT-SAD on the primary outcome at post-treatment or follow-up. - Efficiency: Total therapist time was 6.45 h for iCT-SAD vs 15.8 h for CT-SAD for the same reduction in social anxiety. - Mechanistic mediation: change in process variables specified in cognitive models accounted for 60% of improvements. This supports scalable implementation (increasing benefit per therapist-hour). (clark2023morethandoubling pages 1-2)

12.2 Technology-enabled exposure: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET)

A 2023 systematic review/meta-analysis of stand-alone VRET for social anxiety symptoms (PROSPERO CRD42022361900; published 14 Sep 2023) reported: - Included studies: 5 studies in the primary meta-analysis - Effect: standardized mean difference SMD −0.82 (95% CI −1.52 to −0.13) vs controls - Caveat: few studies, small samples, and high risk of bias. (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 1-2, rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 4-6)

Forest-plot visual evidence for the VRET effect is provided in the extracted figure images. (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality media f192a911, rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality media 5bbbb219)

12.3 Pharmacotherapy

Guideline recommendations (adults)

Japanese guideline suggests: - SSRIs (weak; low certainty) - Venlafaxine (SNRI) (weak; low certainty) and does not recommend for/against monotherapy vs combination due to insufficient evidence. (asakura2023japanesesocietyof pages 1-2)

Broader quantitative medication response (anxiety disorders)

A 2024 Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis across anxiety disorders (122 trials; N=15,760) found SSRIs, SNRIs, and benzodiazepines all produced significant improvement vs placebo; benzodiazepines produced faster improvement by week 1, but by week 8 outcomes did not differ significantly between classes; placebo response plateaued by week 4 and social anxiety disorder trials had lower placebo response at week 8 than other anxiety disorders. (mendez2024trajectoryandmagnitude pages 1-2)

12.4 MAXO term suggestions (examples)

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CT-SAD; iCT-SAD) (MAXO concept)
• Exposure therapy (including VRET)
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor therapy

13. Prevention

Direct SAD-specific prevention trials were not retrieved; however, multiple sources emphasize early onset, chronicity, and under-recognition/access barriers, supporting: - Secondary prevention: early detection/screening and early intervention (especially youth), consistent with guideline emphasis on treatment indication and scalability via internet delivery. (bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20, clark2023morethandoubling pages 1-2) - Tertiary prevention: relapse/nonresponse monitoring; comorbidity management (depression, suicidality), consistent with youth suicidality association evidence. (leigh2023socialanxietyand pages 1-2)

14. Other Species / Natural Disease

No naturally occurring SAD-equivalent diagnosis in non-human species was retrieved; however, translational fear/avoidance phenotypes are modeled experimentally in rodents (see below). (toth2012socialfearconditioning pages 1-2)

15. Model Organisms

15.1 Mouse model: Social Fear Conditioning (SFC)

A 2012 Neuropsychopharmacology study developed a social fear conditioning mouse paradigm as a “novel and specific animal model to study social anxiety disorder,” in which electric foot shocks are paired with investigation of a conspecific, reducing investigation of unfamiliar conspecifics both short- and long-term and producing social-stimulus-specific fear without generalized anxiety/depression/locomotor impairment. (toth2012socialfearconditioning pages 1-2)

The induced social fear was reversed by acute diazepam (dose-dependent) and by chronic paroxetine, supporting predictive validity for medications used clinically in SAD. (toth2012socialfearconditioning pages 1-2, toth2012socialfearconditioning pages 9-10)

15.2 Translational relevance and limitations

The SFC paradigm supports studying extinction-like processes analogous to exposure-based CBT (repeated social stimulus exposure reduces fear) and enables testing fast-acting vs delayed-onset medications. Limitations include model specificity to conditioned social fear and historical rather than 2023–2024 development. (toth2012socialfearconditioning pages 9-10)

Recent developments and latest research emphasis (2023–2024)

Key 2023–2024 advancements captured in the retrieved evidence include: 1) guideline updates emphasizing CBT and SSRI/SNRI first-line approaches (Japan guideline 2023; WFSBP guideline 2023), (asakura2023japanesesocietyof pages 1-2, bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20) 2) scalable digital implementation evidence (iCT-SAD RCT, published 2023), (clark2023morethandoubling pages 1-2) 3) synthesis of stand-alone VRET outcomes (meta-analysis published 2023) with supporting forest-plot evidence, (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 1-2, rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality media f192a911) 4) quantitative meta-analytic modeling of pharmacotherapy response trajectories across anxiety disorders (2024). (mendez2024trajectoryandmagnitude pages 1-2)

Visual evidence (figures)

• Forest plot(s) for stand-alone VRET meta-analysis: extracted figures showing effect sizes for social anxiety outcomes. (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality media f192a911, rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality media 5bbbb219)

Structured summary table

The following artifact consolidates identifiers, definitions, epidemiology, risk factors, phenotypes/HPO suggestions, diagnostics, mechanisms, and treatments with quantitative data and direct URLs.

Table: This table compiles key identifiers, epidemiology, mechanisms, phenotypes, diagnostics, and treatment evidence for Social Anxiety Disorder using recent and authoritative sources. It is structured to support rapid knowledge-base entry and citation-backed clinical or translational review.

Key gaps relative to template requirements

• MONDO ID: not retrieved.
• ICD-11 code number for SAD: not retrieved (only criteria mention).
• OMIM/Orphanet entries: not retrieved (likely not applicable for a common multifactorial psychiatric disorder).
• SAD-specific GWAS lead loci and ClinVar/ClinGen pathogenic variants: not retrieved; evidence supports polygenic risk.
• Incidence in general population: not available in retrieved sources; registry incidence trends reflect healthcare-system coding/coverage. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 2-5)

References

1. (wolitzkytaylor2023recentadvancesin pages 1-3): Kate Wolitzky-Taylor and Richard LeBeau. Recent advances in the understanding and psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder. Faculty reviews, 12:8, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.12703/r/12-8, doi:10.12703/r/12-8. This article has 27 citations.

2. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 2-5): Alba Vilaplana-Pérez, Josef Isung, Sonja Krig, Sarah Vigerland, Maral Jolstedt, Johan Bjureberg, Jens Högström, Kayoko Isomura, Daniel Rautio, Eva Serlachius, Christian Rück, David Mataix-Cols, and Lorena Fernández de la Cruz. Validity and reliability of social anxiety disorder diagnoses in the swedish national patient register. BMC Psychiatry, May 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02644-7, doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02644-7. This article has 30 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

3. (alnemr2024prevalenceofsocial pages 19-20): Lujain Alnemr, Abdelaziz H. Salama, Salma Abdelrazek, Hussein Alfakeer, Mohamed Ali Alkhateeb, and Perihan Torun. Prevalence of social anxiety disorder and its associated factors among foreign-born undergraduate students in türkiye: a cross-sectional study. PLOS Global Public Health, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003184, doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003184. This article has 14 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

4. (bandelow2023worldfederationof pages 16-20): Borwin Bandelow, Christer Allgulander, David S. Baldwin, Daniel Lucas da Conceição Costa, Damiaan Denys, Nesrin Dilbaz, Katharina Domschke, Elias Eriksson, Naomi A. Fineberg, Josef Hättenschwiler, Eric Hollander, Hisanobu Kaiya, Tatiana Karavaeva, Siegfried Kasper, Martin Katzman, Yong-Ku Kim, Takeshi Inoue, Leslie Lim, Vasilios Masdrakis, José M. Menchón, Euripedes C. Miguel, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Antonio E. Nardi, Stefano Pallanti, Giampaolo Perna, Dan Rujescu, Vladan Starcevic, Dan J. Stein, Shih-Jen Tsai, Michael Van Ameringen, Anna Vasileva, Zhen Wang, and Joseph Zohar. World federation of societies of biological psychiatry (wfsbp) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders – version 3. part i: anxiety disorders. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24:79-117, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2022.2086295, doi:10.1080/15622975.2022.2086295. This article has 262 citations.

5. (clark2023morethandoubling pages 2-4): David M. Clark, Jennifer Wild, Emma Warnock-Parkes, Richard Stott, Nick Grey, Graham Thew, and Anke Ehlers. More than doubling the clinical benefit of each hour of therapist time: a randomised controlled trial of internet cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 53:5022-5032, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722002008, doi:10.1017/s0033291722002008. This article has 80 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

6. (vilaplanaperez2020validityandreliability pages 1-2): Alba Vilaplana-Pérez, Josef Isung, Sonja Krig, Sarah Vigerland, Maral Jolstedt, Johan Bjureberg, Jens Högström, Kayoko Isomura, Daniel Rautio, Eva Serlachius, Christian Rück, David Mataix-Cols, and Lorena Fernández de la Cruz. Validity and reliability of social anxiety disorder diagnoses in the swedish national patient register. BMC Psychiatry, May 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02644-7, doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02644-7. This article has 30 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

7. (asakura2023japanesesocietyof pages 1-2): Satoshi Asakura, Naoki Yoshinaga, Hisashi Yamada, Yutaka Fujii, Nobuyuki Mitsui, Yoshihiro Kanai, Takeshi Inoue, and Eiji Shimizu. Japanese society of anxiety and related disorders/japanese society of neuropsychopharmacology: clinical practice guideline for social anxiety disorder (2021). Neuropsychopharmacology Reports, 43:288-309, Aug 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.12365, doi:10.1002/npr2.12365. This article has 20 citations.

8. (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 1-2): Christian Rejbrand, Brynjar Fure, and Karin Sonnby. Stand-alone virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for social anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, Sep 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v128.9289, doi:10.48101/ujms.v128.9289. This article has 10 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

9. (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 1-2): Susanne Edelmann, Ariane Wiegand, Thomas Hentrich, Sarah Pasche, Julia Maria Schulze-Hentrich, Matthias H. J. Munk, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Benjamin Kreifelts, and Vanessa Nieratschker. Blood transcriptome analysis suggests an indirect molecular association of early life adversities and adult social anxiety disorder by immune-related signal transduction. Frontiers in Psychiatry, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125553, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125553. This article has 13 citations.

10. (wiegand2021dnamethylationdifferences pages 1-2): Ariane Wiegand, Benjamin Kreifelts, Matthias H. J. Munk, Nadja Geiselhart, Katia E. Ramadori, Julia L. MacIsaac, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Michael S. Kobor, and Vanessa Nieratschker. Dna methylation differences associated with social anxiety disorder and early life adversity. Translational Psychiatry, Feb 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01225-w, doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01225-w. This article has 57 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

11. (bashoogendam2024geneticvulnerabilityto pages 1-6): Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam. Genetic vulnerability to social anxiety disorder. Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_544, doi:10.1007/7854_2024_544. This article has 2 citations.

12. (wiegand2021dnamethylationdifferences pages 3-6): Ariane Wiegand, Benjamin Kreifelts, Matthias H. J. Munk, Nadja Geiselhart, Katia E. Ramadori, Julia L. MacIsaac, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Michael S. Kobor, and Vanessa Nieratschker. Dna methylation differences associated with social anxiety disorder and early life adversity. Translational Psychiatry, Feb 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01225-w, doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01225-w. This article has 57 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

13. (clark2023morethandoubling pages 1-2): David M. Clark, Jennifer Wild, Emma Warnock-Parkes, Richard Stott, Nick Grey, Graham Thew, and Anke Ehlers. More than doubling the clinical benefit of each hour of therapist time: a randomised controlled trial of internet cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 53:5022-5032, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722002008, doi:10.1017/s0033291722002008. This article has 80 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

14. (clark2023morethandoubling pages 4-5): David M. Clark, Jennifer Wild, Emma Warnock-Parkes, Richard Stott, Nick Grey, Graham Thew, and Anke Ehlers. More than doubling the clinical benefit of each hour of therapist time: a randomised controlled trial of internet cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 53:5022-5032, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722002008, doi:10.1017/s0033291722002008. This article has 80 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

15. (edelmann2023bloodtranscriptomeanalysis pages 6-7): Susanne Edelmann, Ariane Wiegand, Thomas Hentrich, Sarah Pasche, Julia Maria Schulze-Hentrich, Matthias H. J. Munk, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Benjamin Kreifelts, and Vanessa Nieratschker. Blood transcriptome analysis suggests an indirect molecular association of early life adversities and adult social anxiety disorder by immune-related signal transduction. Frontiers in Psychiatry, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125553, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125553. This article has 13 citations.

16. (zanoaga2024brainwidemendelianrandomization pages 1-4): Mihaela-Diana Zanoaga, Eleni Friligkou, Jun He, Gita A. Pathak, Dora Koller, Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza, Murray B. Stein, and Renato Polimanti. Brainwide mendelian randomization study of anxiety disorders and symptoms. Biological Psychiatry, 95:810-817, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.006, doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.006. This article has 35 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

17. (toth2012socialfearconditioning pages 1-2): Iulia Toth, Inga D Neumann, and David A Slattery. Social fear conditioning: a novel and specific animal model to study social anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37:1433-1443, Jan 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.329, doi:10.1038/npp.2011.329. This article has 157 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

18. (leigh2023socialanxietyand pages 1-2): Eleanor Leigh, Kenny Chiu, and Elizabeth D. Ballard. Social anxiety and suicidality in youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 51:441-454, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00996-0, doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00996-0. This article has 54 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

19. (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality pages 4-6): Christian Rejbrand, Brynjar Fure, and Karin Sonnby. Stand-alone virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for social anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, Sep 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v128.9289, doi:10.48101/ujms.v128.9289. This article has 10 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

20. (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality media f192a911): Christian Rejbrand, Brynjar Fure, and Karin Sonnby. Stand-alone virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for social anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, Sep 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v128.9289, doi:10.48101/ujms.v128.9289. This article has 10 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

21. (rejbrand2023standalonevirtualreality media 5bbbb219): Christian Rejbrand, Brynjar Fure, and Karin Sonnby. Stand-alone virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for social anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, Sep 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v128.9289, doi:10.48101/ujms.v128.9289. This article has 10 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

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