Home / Deep Research / Nevus of Ota

Nevus of Ota

1. Disease Information

2026-05-11
Falcon MONDO:0016984 Model: Edison Scientific Literature 32 citations

1. Disease Information

1.1 Overview (definition; current understanding)

Nevus of Ota is described as a benign dermal melanocytic lesion with typical unilateral blue-gray macules/patches along the ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) trigeminal distributions, frequently with ocular involvement. (williams2021melanomainthe pages 1-2)

An ophthalmology-focused review defines oculodermal melanocytosis (ODM; Nevus of Ota) as a “rare, prevalently unilateral, congenital condition” presenting with “brown or blue/gray flat asymptomatic lesions of the skin, mucosae, episclera/sclera, and uvea” in trigeminal territory. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

1.2 Key identifiers (ontology and coding)

  • MeSH descriptor: Nevus of Ota (MeSH ID D009507) is explicitly present in a ClinicalTrials.gov record for laser treatment outcomes (NCT04481178). (NCT04481178 chunk 1)
  • ICD-10/ICD-11, OMIM, Orphanet, MONDO: Not present in the retrieved full texts in this tool run; therefore these identifiers cannot be confirmed from the provided evidence corpus. (NCT04481178 chunk 1)

1.3 Common synonyms / alternative names

1.4 Evidence source type

The information in this report is derived from a mixture of aggregated disease-level reviews and case-series/cohort clinical studies (e.g., multimodal imaging review; retrospective ocular case series; infant laser cohort), plus case-based molecular reports relevant to genetic mechanisms and malignant transformation. (vishnevskiadai2021naevusofota pages 1-1, abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3, zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2, toomey2019gnaqandpms1 pages 1-2)

2. Etiology

2.1 Disease causal factors (mechanistic/developmental)

Multiple sources frame Nevus of Ota/ODM as a neural crest developmental melanocytosis. The 2023 ophthalmology review links etiopathogenesis to altered migration of neural crest melanoblasts in embryogenesis. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

2.2 Risk factors

2.3 Protective factors

No protective genetic or environmental factors were identified in the retrieved texts. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

2.4 Gene–environment interactions

Direct gene–environment interaction evidence was not retrieved. However, UV exposure is discussed as a clinical factor potentially affecting recurrence after laser treatment in infants (sun exposure associated with recurrence/worsening). (zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2)

3. Phenotypes

3.1 Core phenotypes and clinical characteristics

Cutaneous phenotype (blue/gray/brown macules/patches) * Type: Clinical sign (pigmentary macules/patches). * Typical distribution: V1/V2 trigeminal territory; often unilateral. (williams2021melanomainthe pages 1-2, abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3) * Laterality frequency: “ODM occurs in just one eye in 90% of cases” in the 2023 review. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

Ocular tissue melanocytosis (episclera/sclera/uvea) and related findings * Type: Clinical sign; ocular structural pigmentation. * Frequency of ocular tissue involvement: Review reports “additional involvement of ocular tissues … in 66%” and periocular skin alone in about one-third. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

Oral mucosal involvement (rare) A 2023 review/case report on intraoral involvement notes that oral cavity involvement is uncommon and summarizes reported cases. (sharma2023intraoralnevusof pages 3-4)

3.2 Quality-of-life impact

The infant laser cohort motivates early treatment partly by psychosocial impact; the trial record similarly notes that marked facial hyperpigmentation can cause “psychosocial disturbances” prompting treatment seeking. (NCT04481178 chunk 1, zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2)

3.3 Suggested HPO terms (examples)

  • Facial hyperpigmentation (HP:0001000)
  • Blue-gray skin discoloration (phenotypic descriptor; may be mapped via “abnormality of skin pigmentation” HP:0000951)
  • Scleral hyperpigmentation (map under “abnormality of the sclera” HP:0000592; pigmentation-specific child term may be needed)
  • Ocular melanocytosis (conceptual; may map to “abnormality of the uvea” HP:0000610 plus pigmentation descriptors)
  • Glaucoma (HP:0000501)

(These term suggestions are ontology mappings; specific HPO IDs for “ocular melanocytosis” may require ontology lookup beyond the retrieved texts.)

4. Genetic/Molecular Information

4.1 Causal genes / key molecular drivers (somatic mosaicism)

Evidence supports postzygotic (somatic mosaic) activating mutations in GNAQ and GNA11 in extensive dermal melanocytosis/related phenotypes. In phakomatosis pigmentovascularis with extensive dermal melanocytosis, missense GNA11/GNAQ mutations were detected in affected skin at very low levels and were undetectable in blood, consistent with mosaicism. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 2-3)

A 2016 JID study provides functional support: mutant GNA11 variants activate MAPK-family pathways (p38/JNK/ERK depending on variant) and a mosaic zebrafish model recapitulated dermal melanocytosis. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 1-2, thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 3-5)

A 2024 review further explains that codon 209 mutations impair GTP hydrolysis and lock Gα in the active GTP-bound state, driving constitutive signaling through MAPK/ERK, Hippo/YAP-TAZ, and PI3K/AKT pathways, and notes postzygotic somatic mutations at residue 183 in GNAQ/GNA11 in relevant syndromic melanocytoses. (pilch2024gnaqgna11relatedbenignand pages 6-7)

4.2 Pathogenic variants and somatic vs germline

4.3 Malignant transformation genetics / modifiers (tumor progression context)

Case-based literature links uveal melanoma in the context of nevus of Ota/ocular melanosis to canonical uveal melanoma drivers and progression genes. * A 2019 report in a patient with congenital bilateral nevus of Ota and uveal melanoma identified GNAQ R183Q and a truncating mutation in mismatch repair gene PMS1 in tumor sequencing. (toomey2019gnaqandpms1 pages 1-2) * A melanoma-focused review for dermatologists reports: “Approximately 6% of lesions harbor mutations in GNAQ.” (williams2021melanomainthe pages 1-2) * A case-based excerpt reports co-occurrence of BAP1 and GNAQ mutations in intracranial melanoma associated with nevus of Ota and emphasizes BAP1 immunohistochemistry for prognostication in uveal melanoma. (konstantinov2018nevusofota pages 3-3)

4.4 Suggested GO biological process terms (examples)

4.5 Suggested Cell Ontology (CL) terms (examples)

5. Environmental Information

Environmental/lifestyle contributors are not established as causal in the retrieved primary evidence. However, clinical observations include pigment variability with hormonal states (adolescence/pregnancy) in the ODM review, and sun exposure as a factor associated with recurrence/worsening post-laser in infants. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3, zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2)

No infectious etiologies were identified. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

6. Mechanism / Pathophysiology

6.1 Causal chain (current mechanistic model)

  1. Postzygotic activating mutation in GNAQ/GNA11 occurs in a progenitor lineage (mosaicism), leading to a patchy tissue distribution. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 2-3)
  2. Constitutively active Gαq/11 signaling leads to downstream activation of pathways including MAPK-family signaling; functional assays show mutant GNA11 activates MAPK components (p38/JNK/ERK) in cell lines, and in vivo models show increased melanocytes in epidermis/dermis. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 1-2, thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 3-5)
  3. Accumulation of dermal (and ocular) melanocytes produces the clinical blue/gray pigmentation phenotype. (vishnevskiadai2021naevusofota pages 1-2, abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)
  4. In ocular tissues, melanocytosis can predispose to glaucoma and to development of uveal melanoma, necessitating ongoing ophthalmic surveillance. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

6.2 Immune involvement

No disease-specific immune mechanism evidence was retrieved. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

6.3 Suggested CL/GO/UBERON terms for mechanism mapping

7. Anatomical Structures Affected

7.1 Organ and tissue level

7.2 Localization and laterality

Typically unilateral; review reports “one eye in 90% of cases,” though bilateral cases occur. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3, vishnevskiadai2021naevusofota pages 1-1)

8. Temporal Development

8.1 Onset

Onset is commonly congenital or early life. The clinical trial record notes “About 50-60% of all cases have the age of onset at birth or within the first year of life, others appear before puberty.” (NCT04481178 chunk 1)

8.2 Progression / course

ODM does not tend to regress spontaneously; pigmentation may vary over time and with hormonal state. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

9. Inheritance and Population

9.1 Epidemiology (key quantitative data)

9.2 Inheritance pattern

The ODM review characterizes the condition as congenital and non-hereditary, consistent with somatic mosaicism models. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

10. Diagnostics

10.1 Clinical diagnosis

Diagnosis is primarily clinical based on characteristic distribution and ocular/skin pigmentation; ocular evaluation is emphasized due to glaucoma and melanoma risks. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

10.2 Ophthalmic evaluation and multimodal imaging (current practice trends)

The 2023 ophthalmology review provides a diagnostic/monitoring framework: * Comprehensive ophthalmologic examination plus traditional imaging (ultrasonography; fluorescein/indocyanine green angiography), because fundus pigmentation may conceal subtle retinal/choroidal alterations. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3) * Anterior segment OCT and ultrasound biomicroscopy for anterior segment/ciliary body evaluation when glaucoma or anterior uveal melanoma is suspected. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3) * Fundus autofluorescence and RPE alterations for differentiating choroidal nevi vs melanoma; enhanced depth imaging OCT for high-resolution in vivo tumor/nevi assessment and early melanoma features (subretinal fluid, RPE abnormalities, choriocapillaris compression). (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

Abstract support (direct quote): the review concludes that “Novel multimodal imaging techniques are significant in the diagnosis and management of the ophthalmic complications of ODM.” (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

10.3 Histopathology

A 2023 bilateral case-series review states that nevus of Ota shows melanocytes in the dermis (and notes epidermal involvement in their phrasing). (kumari2023bilateralnevusof pages 4-5)

10.4 Genetic testing

Routine germline genetic testing is not established for typical isolated nevus of Ota in the retrieved texts; molecular findings mainly come from research sequencing of affected tissues/tumors (GNAQ/GNA11; BAP1 in associated melanomas). (toomey2019gnaqandpms1 pages 1-2, konstantinov2018nevusofota pages 3-3)

10.5 Differential diagnosis

The retrieved evidence emphasizes classification distinctions within dermal melanocytoses and diagnostic challenges; e.g., case literature distinguishes Ota nevus from acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM) based on clinical and histopathologic patterns. (seemongaldass2025acaseof pages 5-6)

11. Outcome / Prognosis

11.1 Major complications and prognosis-relevant risks

11.2 Prognostic factors

The retrieved texts do not provide validated prognostic models specific to nevus of Ota itself; prognostication is more developed for uveal melanoma (e.g., BAP1 loss). (konstantinov2018nevusofota pages 3-3)

12. Treatment

12.1 Standard of care / current applications

Laser therapy (selective photothermolysis) is the main real-world treatment for cosmetic pigment reduction, especially Q-switched pigment lasers (ruby 694 nm, alexandrite 755 nm, Nd:YAG 1064 nm). (kumari2023bilateralnevusof pages 4-5, NCT04481178 chunk 1)

12.2 Recent developments (prioritizing 2023–2024)

Early-life sequential Q-switched therapy (infant cohort; 2024): A large retrospective cohort of 102 infants (<1 year) treated with sequential Q-switched 755 nm (initial sessions) and 1064 nm (from session 3 onward) at 6-month intervals reports high clearance and quantifies long-term recurrence. (zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2)

Direct abstract quote: “Success rates reached 88.7% after four sessions and 99.3% after seven sessions.” (zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2)

Recurrence: among 47 infants with follow-up, 14 recurred (29.8%), and additional 2–3 sessions typically controlled recurrence. (zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2)

A table image from this study (efficacy by subtype and factors such as location/anesthesia) is available and supports the reported outcome stratification. (zheng2024resultsandfollowup media 94a4abe5, zheng2024resultsandfollowup media 9a87c0a6)

12.3 Adverse events and tolerability (quantitative)

  • In the 2024 infant cohort abstract, “No instances of serious adverse reactions, except for pain, were reported.” (zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2)
  • A Thai retrospective protocol (NCT04481178; ClinicalTrials.gov) summarizes reported complication rates from prior Q-switched laser literature: hypopigmentation 15.3%, hyperpigmentation 2.9%, texture changes 2.9%, scarring 1.9%, and cites a “success rate of 95% after 6-8 sessions.” (NCT04481178 chunk 1)

12.4 Treatment strategy / monitoring

The ophthalmology review emphasizes that monitoring for glaucoma and melanoma is central and that multimodal imaging is increasingly used to standardize complication detection and follow-up. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

12.5 MAXO term suggestions (examples)

  • Laser therapy (MAXO:0000058, “laser therapy”)
  • Ophthalmologic monitoring/surveillance (MAXO term may require lookup; concept: “medical monitoring”)

13. Prevention

Primary prevention of nevus of Ota is not described (developmental mosaic condition). Secondary/tertiary prevention focuses on preventing vision loss and melanoma morbidity through lifelong ophthalmic surveillance and early detection using multimodal imaging. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

14. Other Species / Natural Disease

A naturally occurring analogue has been described in dogs (oculodermal melanocytosis/nevus of Ota), with similar distribution and ocular involvement on histopathology, indicating cross-species relevance of neural crest–derived melanocyte disorders. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)

(Note: the main veterinary primary literature was retrieved but not deeply evidence-extracted in this run; this section is therefore limited.)

15. Model Organisms

A mechanistically informative model is a mosaic transgenic zebrafish expressing mutant GNA11 (e.g., GNA11R183C) in the melanocyte lineage, which produced dermal melanocytosis, supporting causal roles for activating Gαq/11 signaling in melanocyte accumulation. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 1-2, thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 3-5)

Expert opinions / authoritative synthesis (from reviews)

  • The 2023 ophthalmology review highlights an expert-practice shift toward standardized use of multimodal imaging for ODM complications, stating that OCT and fundus autofluorescence have “adjunctive value” for early melanoma detection and differential diagnosis. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3)
  • The dermatology melanoma review stresses that while nevus of Ota is often a cosmetic concern, malignant transformation risk mandates clinician awareness and appropriate referrals. (williams2021melanomainthe pages 1-2)

Key evidence gaps in this run

  • ICD-10/ICD-11, OMIM, Orphanet, and MONDO identifiers were not available in the retrieved full texts/tools state; they require direct lookup in those external databases. (NCT04481178 chunk 1)
  • High-quality, population-based incidence/prevalence estimates outside East Asian cohorts were not retrieved here.
  • Picosecond-laser comparative effectiveness literature (2023–2024) was identified in search but some key papers were unobtainable in the current corpus, limiting systematic comparison versus Q-switched modalities.

References (URLs with publication dates where available)

References

  1. (abdolrahimzadeh2023anupdateon pages 1-3): Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh, Damiano Maria Pugi, Priscilla Manni, Clemente Maria Iodice, Federico Di Tizio, Flavia Persechino, and Gianluca Scuderi. An update on ophthalmological perspectives in oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of ota). Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 261:291-301, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-022-05743-1, doi:10.1007/s00417-022-05743-1. This article has 19 citations.

  2. (williams2021melanomainthe pages 1-2): Natalie M. Williams, Pooja Gurnani, Angelina Labib, Ronaldo Nuesi, and Keyvan Nouri. Melanoma in the setting of nevus of ota: a review for dermatologists. International Journal of Dermatology, 60:523-532, Aug 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15135, doi:10.1111/ijd.15135. This article has 28 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  3. (vishnevskiadai2021naevusofota pages 1-2): Vicktoria Vishnevskia-Dai, Iris Moroz, Tal Davidy, Keren Zloto, Yael Birger, Ido Didi Fabian, Guy Ben Simon, Ayelet Priel, and Ofira Zloto. Naevus of ota: clinical characteristics and proposal for a new ocular classification and grading system. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 105:42-47, Mar 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313984, doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313984. This article has 11 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  4. (zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 1-2): Han Zheng, Ai-E Xu, Gang Qiao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Jia Deng, and Yong Zhang. Results and follow-up of a sequential q-switched laser therapy for nevus of ota in infants. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17:339-347, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s444410, doi:10.2147/ccid.s444410. This article has 2 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  5. (vishnevskiadai2021naevusofota pages 1-1): Vicktoria Vishnevskia-Dai, Iris Moroz, Tal Davidy, Keren Zloto, Yael Birger, Ido Didi Fabian, Guy Ben Simon, Ayelet Priel, and Ofira Zloto. Naevus of ota: clinical characteristics and proposal for a new ocular classification and grading system. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 105:42-47, Mar 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313984, doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313984. This article has 11 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  6. (zheng2024resultsandfollowup pages 4-6): Han Zheng, Ai-E Xu, Gang Qiao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Jia Deng, and Yong Zhang. Results and follow-up of a sequential q-switched laser therapy for nevus of ota in infants. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17:339-347, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s444410, doi:10.2147/ccid.s444410. This article has 2 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  7. (NCT04481178 chunk 1): Woraphong Manuskiatti, M.D.. A Retrospective Study on Laser Treatment of Nevus of Ota in Thai Patients. Mahidol University. 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04481178

  8. (toomey2019gnaqandpms1 pages 1-2): Christopher B. Toomey, Kyle Fraser, John A. Thorson, Michael H. Goldbaum, and Jonathan H. Lin. Gnaq and pms1 mutations associated with uveal melanoma, ocular surface melanosis, and nevus of ota. Ocular Oncology and Pathology, 5:267-272, Jan 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1159/000495508, doi:10.1159/000495508. This article has 11 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  9. (sharma2023intraoralnevusof pages 3-4): DR ARUN DEV SHARMA, DR AJAY PRATAP SINGH PARIHAR, DR PRASHANTHI REDDY, DR NIDHI YADAV, and DR RASHI MANDLIK. Intraoral nevus of ota : a case report and review. UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, Jul 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2023.9.3.19, doi:10.21276/ujds.2023.9.3.19. This article has 1 citations.

  10. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 2-3): Anna C. Thomas, Zhiqiang Zeng, Jean-Baptiste Rivière, Ryan O’Shaughnessy, Lara Al-Olabi, Judith St.-Onge, David J. Atherton, Hélène Aubert, Lorea Bagazgoitia, Sébastien Barbarot, Emmanuelle Bourrat, Christine Chiaverini, W. Kling Chong, Yannis Duffourd, Mary Glover, Leopold Groesser, Smail Hadj-Rabia, Henning Hamm, Rudolf Happle, Imran Mushtaq, Jean-Philippe Lacour, Regula Waelchli, Marion Wobser, Pierre Vabres, E. Elizabeth Patton, and Veronica A. Kinsler. Mosaic activating mutations in gna11 and gnaq are associated with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis and extensive dermal melanocytosis. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136:770-778, Apr 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.027, doi:10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.027. This article has 234 citations.

  11. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 1-2): Anna C. Thomas, Zhiqiang Zeng, Jean-Baptiste Rivière, Ryan O’Shaughnessy, Lara Al-Olabi, Judith St.-Onge, David J. Atherton, Hélène Aubert, Lorea Bagazgoitia, Sébastien Barbarot, Emmanuelle Bourrat, Christine Chiaverini, W. Kling Chong, Yannis Duffourd, Mary Glover, Leopold Groesser, Smail Hadj-Rabia, Henning Hamm, Rudolf Happle, Imran Mushtaq, Jean-Philippe Lacour, Regula Waelchli, Marion Wobser, Pierre Vabres, E. Elizabeth Patton, and Veronica A. Kinsler. Mosaic activating mutations in gna11 and gnaq are associated with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis and extensive dermal melanocytosis. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136:770-778, Apr 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.027, doi:10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.027. This article has 234 citations.

  12. (thomas2016mosaicactivatingmutations pages 3-5): Anna C. Thomas, Zhiqiang Zeng, Jean-Baptiste Rivière, Ryan O’Shaughnessy, Lara Al-Olabi, Judith St.-Onge, David J. Atherton, Hélène Aubert, Lorea Bagazgoitia, Sébastien Barbarot, Emmanuelle Bourrat, Christine Chiaverini, W. Kling Chong, Yannis Duffourd, Mary Glover, Leopold Groesser, Smail Hadj-Rabia, Henning Hamm, Rudolf Happle, Imran Mushtaq, Jean-Philippe Lacour, Regula Waelchli, Marion Wobser, Pierre Vabres, E. Elizabeth Patton, and Veronica A. Kinsler. Mosaic activating mutations in gna11 and gnaq are associated with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis and extensive dermal melanocytosis. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136:770-778, Apr 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.027, doi:10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.027. This article has 234 citations.

  13. (pilch2024gnaqgna11relatedbenignand pages 6-7): Justyna Pilch, Jakub Mizera, Maciej Tota, and Piotr Donizy. Gnaq/gna11-related benign and malignant entities—a common histoembriologic origin or a tissue-dependent coincidence. Cancers, 16:3672, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213672, doi:10.3390/cancers16213672. This article has 6 citations.

  14. (konstantinov2018nevusofota pages 3-3): NK Konstantinov, TM Berry, HR Elwood, and BJ Zlotoff. Nevus of ota associated with a primary uveal melanoma and intracranial melanoma metastasis. Unknown journal, 2018.

  15. (kumari2023bilateralnevusof pages 4-5): Pinki Kumari, Vartika, Pallavi UK, and Rajesh Sinha. Bilateral nevus of ota: a case series and literature review. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 14:326-331, Nov 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i11.56108, doi:10.3126/ajms.v14i11.56108. This article has 0 citations.

  16. (seemongaldass2025acaseof pages 5-6): Rajiv V Seemongal-Dass, Robin R Seemongal-Dass, Alyssa P Singh, and Diego A Conocchiari. A case of nevus of ota in trinidad and tobago. Cureus, Jan 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.78311, doi:10.7759/cureus.78311. This article has 1 citations.

  17. (zheng2024resultsandfollowup media 94a4abe5): Han Zheng, Ai-E Xu, Gang Qiao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Jia Deng, and Yong Zhang. Results and follow-up of a sequential q-switched laser therapy for nevus of ota in infants. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17:339-347, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s444410, doi:10.2147/ccid.s444410. This article has 2 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  18. (zheng2024resultsandfollowup media 9a87c0a6): Han Zheng, Ai-E Xu, Gang Qiao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Jia Deng, and Yong Zhang. Results and follow-up of a sequential q-switched laser therapy for nevus of ota in infants. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17:339-347, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s444410, doi:10.2147/ccid.s444410. This article has 2 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.