Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is advanced NSCLC with dissemination to distant organs, particularly brain, bone, liver, adrenal gland, and pleura. Metastatic behavior is shaped by oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, epithelial plasticity, angiogenesis, immune checkpoint engagement, and organ-specific interactions within the brain and bone microenvironments.
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name: Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
creation_date: '2026-03-28T21:20:00Z'
updated_date: '2026-05-10T08:24:09Z'
description: >-
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is advanced NSCLC with dissemination
to distant organs, particularly brain, bone, liver, adrenal gland, and pleura.
Metastatic behavior is shaped by oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling,
epithelial plasticity, angiogenesis, immune checkpoint engagement, and organ-specific
interactions within the brain and bone microenvironments.
categories:
- Lung Cancer
- Metastatic Cancer
- Solid Tumor
parents:
- non-small cell lung carcinoma
disease_term:
preferred_term: metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma
term:
id: MONDO:0005233
label: non-small cell lung carcinoma
mappings:
mondo_mappings:
- term:
id: MONDO:0005233
label: non-small cell lung carcinoma
mapping_predicate: skos:closeMatch
mapping_source: MONDO
mapping_justification: Closest MONDO parent term available for metastatic NSCLC.
prevalence:
- population: Advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab
percentage: 15.6
notes: Estimated 5-year survival in a heavily pretreated advanced NSCLC cohort.
evidence:
- reference: PMID:31343665
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Overall survival curves showed estimated 5-year rates of 34.2% among patients with melanoma, 27.7% among patients with RCC, and 15.6% among patients with NSCLC.
explanation: This provides a 5-year survival benchmark for advanced NSCLC.
pathophysiology:
- name: Oncogenic RTK Addiction
description: >-
Metastatic NSCLC is often driven by EGFR mutations, ALK fusions, ROS1 fusions,
MET
activation, or other kinase alterations that sustain growth, survival, and metastatic
spread. These drivers create both therapeutic vulnerabilities and resistance trajectories.
evidence:
- reference: PMID:29989448
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Activating mutations in the EGFR and rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) genes have been identified as oncogenic drivers in non-small-cell lung cancer.
explanation: This directly supports the major driver pathways relevant to metastatic NSCLC.
biological_processes:
- preferred_term: cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0007169
label: cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
- preferred_term: MAPK cascade
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0000165
label: MAPK cascade
- name: EMT and Invasion
description: >-
NSCLC cells adopt EMT programs to detach from primary lesions, invade surrounding
stroma,
and survive transit to distant sites. EMT also contributes to resistance to targeted
therapy and immune-mediated clearance.
biological_processes:
- preferred_term: epithelial to mesenchymal transition
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0001837
label: epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- preferred_term: cell migration
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0016477
label: cell migration
- preferred_term: positive regulation of cell migration
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0030335
label: positive regulation of cell migration
- name: PD-L1 Adaptive Immune Resistance
description: >-
PD-L1 expression in metastatic NSCLC reflects adaptive immune resistance in response
to
interferon-rich T-cell infiltrates and can blunt antitumor immunity at primary
and
metastatic sites.
evidence:
- reference: PMID:31627272
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Aberrant expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells impedes antitumor immunity and instigates immune evasion.
explanation: This directly supports immune evasion through PD-L1 in NSCLC.
biological_processes:
- preferred_term: negative regulation of immune response
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0050777
label: negative regulation of immune response
- name: Brain Metastasis Seed-and-Soil Biology
description: >-
Brain metastases arise when circulating NSCLC cells survive vascular arrest, cross
the
blood-brain barrier, and adapt to the neural microenvironment. Organ microenvironmental
interactions are major determinants of treatment resistance in cerebral disease.
evidence:
- reference: PMID:26222080
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: These findings substantiate the importance of the "seed and soil" hypothesis and that successful treatment of brain metastases must include targeting of the organ microenvironment.
explanation: This supports organ-specific microenvironmental control of NSCLC brain metastasis behavior.
biological_processes:
- preferred_term: cell migration
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0016477
label: cell migration
- name: Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodeling
description: >-
Metastatic NSCLC lesions require neovascular support, and vascular remodeling
contributes
to tumor growth in lung, brain, and bone niches.
biological_processes:
- preferred_term: angiogenesis
modifier: INCREASED
term:
id: GO:0001525
label: angiogenesis
phenotypes:
- category: Respiratory
name: Dyspnea
frequency: VERY_FREQUENT
description: Dyspnea reflects thoracic disease burden, pleural disease, or lymphangitic spread.
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Dyspnea
term:
id: HP:0002094
label: Dyspnea
- category: Neurologic
name: Headache
frequency: FREQUENT
description: Headache is common when NSCLC metastasizes to the brain.
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Headache
term:
id: HP:0002315
label: Headache
- category: Musculoskeletal
name: Bone pain
frequency: FREQUENT
description: Bone metastases often cause pain, vertebral collapse risk, and skeletal-related events.
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Bone pain
term:
id: HP:0002653
label: Bone pain
- category: Constitutional
name: Weight loss
frequency: VERY_FREQUENT
description: Metastatic NSCLC frequently causes catabolic weight loss.
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Weight loss
term:
id: HP:0001824
label: Weight loss
- category: Constitutional
name: Fatigue
frequency: VERY_FREQUENT
description: Fatigue is common from inflammatory burden, hypoxemia, anemia, and treatment.
phenotype_term:
preferred_term: Fatigue
term:
id: HP:0012378
label: Fatigue
genetic:
- name: EGFR
association: Somatic activating mutation
evidence:
- reference: CGGV:assertion_49342c73-96d7-45ba-9c90-d2d5e5710636-2020-07-30T202207.418Z
reference_title: "EGFR / non-small cell lung carcinoma (Definitive)"
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: "EGFR | HGNC:3236 | non-small cell lung carcinoma | MONDO:0005233 | AD | Definitive"
explanation: ClinGen classifies the EGFR-non-small cell lung carcinoma gene-disease relationship as definitive with autosomal dominant inheritance.
notes: EGFR mutations drive metastatic behavior and create dependence on EGFR signaling.
- name: ALK
association: Oncogenic rearrangement
notes: ALK fusions are associated with visceral and brain metastatic spread and targeted therapy sensitivity.
- name: ROS1
association: Oncogenic rearrangement
notes: ROS1 fusions define a kinase-driven metastatic subset of NSCLC.
- name: STK11/KEAP1
association: Co-mutation linked to immune resistance
notes: STK11 and KEAP1 alterations can create immune-cold metastatic disease and worse checkpoint inhibitor response.
environmental:
- name: Tobacco smoking
notes: Tobacco exposure remains the dominant NSCLC risk factor and shapes mutational complexity.
notes: >-
Metastatic NSCLC couples oncogenic kinase addiction with immune checkpoint adaptation
and
strong organotropism to brain and bone. Brain metastasis biology is especially dependent
on seed-and-soil interactions with the neural microenvironment.
treatments:
- name: Pembrolizumab-Based Immune Checkpoint Therapy
description: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a major systemic treatment class in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, with pembrolizumab-based regimens selected according to PD-L1 expression, tumor genotype, histology, and chemotherapy eligibility.
treatment_term:
preferred_term: immunotherapy
term:
id: NCIT:C15262
label: Immunotherapy
therapeutic_agent:
- preferred_term: pembrolizumab
term:
id: NCIT:C106432
label: Pembrolizumab
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1093/jnci/djae118
reference_title: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have profoundly impacted survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer.
explanation: Population-level metastatic NSCLC evidence supports immune checkpoint inhibitors as survival-impacting systemic therapy.
references:
- reference: DOI:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101777
title: Modeling lung adenocarcinoma metastases using patient-derived organoids
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Modeling lung adenocarcinoma metastases using patient-derived organoids
supporting_text: Modeling lung adenocarcinoma metastases using patient-derived organoids
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41392-024-01897-y
title: 'SHR-A1811 (antibody-drug conjugate) in advanced HER2-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 study'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: A dose-escalation and expansion, phase 1/2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04818333) was conducted to assess the novel antibody-drug conjugate SHR-A1811 in pretreated HER2-altered advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
supporting_text: A dose-escalation and expansion, phase 1/2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04818333) was conducted to assess the novel antibody-drug conjugate SHR-A1811 in pretreated HER2-altered advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41392-024-01897-y
reference_title: 'SHR-A1811 (antibody-drug conjugate) in advanced HER2-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 study'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: A dose-escalation and expansion, phase 1/2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04818333) was conducted to assess the novel antibody-drug conjugate SHR-A1811 in pretreated HER2-altered advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41416-024-02895-1
title: 'Real-world evidence for pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: 'Real-world evidence for pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study'
supporting_text: Based on favourable results from clinical trials, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become the standard first line (1 L) systemic anticancer treatment (SACT) for advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable mutations.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41416-024-02895-1
reference_title: 'Real-world evidence for pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Based on favourable results from clinical trials, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become the standard first line (1 L) systemic anticancer treatment (SACT) for advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable mutations.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-47547-3
title: Representation of genomic intratumor heterogeneity in multi-region non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenograft models
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are widely used in cancer research.
supporting_text: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are widely used in cancer research.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-47547-3
reference_title: Representation of genomic intratumor heterogeneity in multi-region non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenograft models
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are widely used in cancer research.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-73389-6
title: Distant metastasis patterns among lung cancer subtypes and impact of primary tumor resection on survival in metastatic lung cancer using SEER database
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Distant metastasis patterns among lung cancer subtypes and impact of primary tumor resection on survival in metastatic lung cancer using SEER database
supporting_text: Distant metastasis patterns among lung cancer subtypes and impact of primary tumor resection on survival in metastatic lung cancer using SEER database
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41698-024-00609-7
title: Prediction of TKI response in EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients-derived organoids using malignant pleural effusion
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are valuable in predicting response to cancer therapy.
supporting_text: Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are valuable in predicting response to cancer therapy.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1038/s41698-024-00609-7
reference_title: Prediction of TKI response in EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients-derived organoids using malignant pleural effusion
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: COMPUTATIONAL
snippet: Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are valuable in predicting response to cancer therapy.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1056/nejmoa2403614
title: Amivantamab plus Lazertinib in Previously Untreated <i>EGFR</i> -Mutated Advanced NSCLC
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Amivantamab plus Lazertinib in Previously Untreated <i>EGFR</i> -Mutated Advanced NSCLC
supporting_text: Amivantamab plus Lazertinib in Previously Untreated <i>EGFR</i> -Mutated Advanced NSCLC
- reference: DOI:10.1093/jnci/djae118
title: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have profoundly impacted survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer.
supporting_text: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have profoundly impacted survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1093/jnci/djae118
reference_title: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have profoundly impacted survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1177/17588359241231260
title: 'Geographic differences in lung cancer: focus on carcinogens, genetic predisposition, and molecular epidemiology'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Lung cancer poses a global health challenge and stands as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
supporting_text: Lung cancer poses a global health challenge and stands as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1177/17588359241231260
reference_title: 'Geographic differences in lung cancer: focus on carcinogens, genetic predisposition, and molecular epidemiology'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Lung cancer poses a global health challenge and stands as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1177/17588359241303090
title: 'Femoral bone metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in EGFR-TKIs-treated patients with <i>EGFR</i> -mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective, multicenter cohort study'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have higher frequencies of bone metastases than those of wild type; however, the metastatic pattern and influence on clinical outcome remain unclear.
supporting_text: Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have higher frequencies of bone metastases than those of wild type; however, the metastatic pattern and influence on clinical outcome remain unclear.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1177/17588359241303090
reference_title: 'Femoral bone metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in EGFR-TKIs-treated patients with <i>EGFR</i> -mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective, multicenter cohort study'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have higher frequencies of bone metastases than those of wild type; however, the metastatic pattern and influence on clinical outcome remain unclear.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1186/s10020-024-00934-4
title: Utility of patient-derived xenografts to evaluate drug sensitivity and select optimal treatments for individual non-small-cell lung cancer patients
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) is currently considered a preferred preclinical model to evaluate drug sensitivity, explore drug resistance mechanisms, and select individualized treatment regimens.
supporting_text: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) is currently considered a preferred preclinical model to evaluate drug sensitivity, explore drug resistance mechanisms, and select individualized treatment regimens.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1186/s10020-024-00934-4
reference_title: Utility of patient-derived xenografts to evaluate drug sensitivity and select optimal treatments for individual non-small-cell lung cancer patients
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) is currently considered a preferred preclinical model to evaluate drug sensitivity, explore drug resistance mechanisms, and select individualized treatment regimens.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1186/s12957-024-03449-8
title: 'Efficacy and toxicity of KRASG12C inhibitors in advanced solid tumors: a meta-analysis'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: The efficacy and toxicity of KRASG12C inhibitors were evaluated for advanced solid tumors in several studies; however, the results were not fully consistent.
supporting_text: The efficacy and toxicity of KRASG12C inhibitors were evaluated for advanced solid tumors in several studies; however, the results were not fully consistent.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1186/s12957-024-03449-8
reference_title: 'Efficacy and toxicity of KRASG12C inhibitors in advanced solid tumors: a meta-analysis'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: The efficacy and toxicity of KRASG12C inhibitors were evaluated for advanced solid tumors in several studies; however, the results were not fully consistent.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.1200/oa.24.00008
title: 'Disparities in Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Among Older Patients With Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER-Medicare Analysis'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: In the United States, there are disparities in access to care for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors.
supporting_text: In the United States, there are disparities in access to care for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1200/oa.24.00008
reference_title: 'Disparities in Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Among Older Patients With Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER-Medicare Analysis'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: In the United States, there are disparities in access to care for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the basis of socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.18502/jhsw.v14i1.17131
title: 'Investigating the Relationship Between Exposure to Cadmium and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world.
supporting_text: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.18502/jhsw.v14i1.17131
reference_title: 'Investigating the Relationship Between Exposure to Cadmium and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.21037/tlcr-24-856
title: A potential central nervous system niche for trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing non-small cell lung cancer
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: A potential central nervous system niche for trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing non-small cell lung cancer
supporting_text: A potential central nervous system niche for trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing non-small cell lung cancer
- reference: DOI:10.2147/dddt.s466217
title: 'Adagrasib in the Treatment of KRAS p.G12C Positive Advanced NSCLC: Design, Development and Place in Therapy'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: 'Adagrasib in the Treatment of KRAS p.G12C Positive Advanced NSCLC: Design, Development and Place in Therapy'
supporting_text: 'Adagrasib in the Treatment of KRAS p.G12C Positive Advanced NSCLC: Design, Development and Place in Therapy'
- reference: DOI:10.3322/caac.21811
title: 'Screening for lung cancer: 2023 guideline update from the American Cancer Society'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality and person‐years of life lost from cancer among US men and women.
supporting_text: Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality and person‐years of life lost from cancer among US men and women.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3322/caac.21811
reference_title: 'Screening for lung cancer: 2023 guideline update from the American Cancer Society'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality and person‐years of life lost from cancer among US men and women.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fonc.2023.1241402
title: 'Non-small cell lung cancer with MET amplification: review of epidemiology, associated disease characteristics, testing procedures, burden, and treatments'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Mesenchymal-epidermal transition factor gene amplification (METamp) is being investigated as a therapeutic target in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
supporting_text: Mesenchymal-epidermal transition factor gene amplification (METamp) is being investigated as a therapeutic target in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fonc.2023.1241402
reference_title: 'Non-small cell lung cancer with MET amplification: review of epidemiology, associated disease characteristics, testing procedures, burden, and treatments'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Mesenchymal-epidermal transition factor gene amplification (METamp) is being investigated as a therapeutic target in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fonc.2024.1328728
title: Mechanisms of resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors in KRASG12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: The KRAS protein, a product of the KRAS gene (V-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), functions as a small GTPase that alternates between an active GTP-bound state (KRAS(ON)) and an inactive GDP-bound state (KRAS(OFF)).
supporting_text: The KRAS protein, a product of the KRAS gene (V-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), functions as a small GTPase that alternates between an active GTP-bound state (KRAS(ON)) and an inactive GDP-bound state (KRAS(OFF)).
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fonc.2024.1328728
reference_title: Mechanisms of resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors in KRASG12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: The KRAS protein, a product of the KRAS gene (V-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), functions as a small GTPase that alternates between an active GTP-bound state (KRAS(ON)) and an inactive GDP-bound state (KRAS(OFF)).
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fonc.2024.1442909
title: Real-world treatment patterns, biomarker testing, and clinical outcomes of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients in the immunotherapy era
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Treatment for first-line (1L) metastatic non-small cell cancer (mNSCLC) changed with the introduction of immunotherapy.
supporting_text: Treatment for first-line (1L) metastatic non-small cell cancer (mNSCLC) changed with the introduction of immunotherapy.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3389/fonc.2024.1442909
reference_title: Real-world treatment patterns, biomarker testing, and clinical outcomes of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients in the immunotherapy era
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Treatment for first-line (1L) metastatic non-small cell cancer (mNSCLC) changed with the introduction of immunotherapy.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16112018
title: 'HER2-Altered Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Journey from Current Approaches to Emerging Strategies'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: For patients diagnosed with advanced HER2-altered non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the current standard of care is represented by a platinum-pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, eventually in combination with immunotherapy.
supporting_text: For patients diagnosed with advanced HER2-altered non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the current standard of care is represented by a platinum-pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, eventually in combination with immunotherapy.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16112018
reference_title: 'HER2-Altered Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Journey from Current Approaches to Emerging Strategies'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: For patients diagnosed with advanced HER2-altered non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the current standard of care is represented by a platinum-pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, eventually in combination with immunotherapy.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16112136
title: Site-Specific Response and Resistance Patterns in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with First-Line Systemic Therapy
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Patients with advanced NSCLC have heterogenous responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapy.
supporting_text: Patients with advanced NSCLC have heterogenous responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapy.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16112136
reference_title: Site-Specific Response and Resistance Patterns in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with First-Line Systemic Therapy
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Patients with advanced NSCLC have heterogenous responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapy.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16132338
title: 'Identification and Application of Emerging Biomarkers in Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review'
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases, often diagnosed at advanced stages, which diminishes the effective treatment options and survival rates.
supporting_text: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases, often diagnosed at advanced stages, which diminishes the effective treatment options and survival rates.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16132338
reference_title: 'Identification and Application of Emerging Biomarkers in Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review'
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: OTHER
snippet: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases, often diagnosed at advanced stages, which diminishes the effective treatment options and survival rates.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16132350
title: Evolving Precision First-Line Systemic Treatment for Patients with Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: First-line systemic therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has rapidly evolved over the past two decades.
supporting_text: First-line systemic therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has rapidly evolved over the past two decades.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.3390/cancers16132350
reference_title: Evolving Precision First-Line Systemic Treatment for Patients with Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: COMPUTATIONAL
snippet: First-line systemic therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has rapidly evolved over the past two decades.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.37349/etat.2024.00277
title: Addressing the unmet need in NSCLC progression with advances in second-line therapeutics
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of cases.
supporting_text: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of cases.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.37349/etat.2024.00277
reference_title: Addressing the unmet need in NSCLC progression with advances in second-line therapeutics
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of cases.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
- reference: DOI:10.4046/trd.2024.0092
title: Update in Association between Lung Cancer and Air Pollution
found_in:
- Metastatic_NSCLC-deep-research-falcon.md
findings:
- statement: A significant portion of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases occurs in populations exposed to air pollution.
supporting_text: A significant portion of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases occurs in populations exposed to air pollution.
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.4046/trd.2024.0092
reference_title: Update in Association between Lung Cancer and Air Pollution
supports: SUPPORT
evidence_source: HUMAN_CLINICAL
snippet: A significant portion of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases occurs in populations exposed to air pollution.
explanation: Deep research cited this publication as relevant literature for Metastatic NSCLC.
mNSCLC refers to non-small cell lung cancers that have spread beyond the lung/hemithorax to distant organs (clinically aligned with stage IV/M1 disease in many registries and studies). Contemporary studies use “metastatic NSCLC,” “advanced NSCLC,” and “stage IV NSCLC” as overlapping operational terms depending on inclusion criteria and data source. (apter2024realworldtreatmentpatterns pages 1-2, uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 3-4, yang2024disparitiesinutilization pages 1-2)
NSCLC (and thus mNSCLC) arises through a combination of carcinogen exposures and acquired somatic genomic alterations (driver mutations/fusions), with strong contributions from tobacco smoke and additional environmental/occupational carcinogens.
Tobacco is the dominant risk factor in Western settings; a 2024 review of geographic differences states tobacco accounts for “up to 80–90% of cases” in Western societies. (laguna2024geographicdifferencesin pages 1-3)
Air pollution is classified as carcinogenic to humans, and long-term PM2.5 exposure shows dose–response associations with lung cancer risk and mortality. A 2024 review reports, for example, AHSMOG-2: a 10 μg/m³ PM2.5 increase associated with HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.03–2.00) for lung cancer. (yoo2024updateinassociation pages 2-3)
Mechanistic plausibility described in the same review includes oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage/mutagenesis pathways induced by PM components (e.g., PAHs, metals) and ROS signaling. (yoo2024updateinassociation pages 2-3)
A 2024 systematic review/meta-analysis reported higher cadmium exposure associated with increased lung cancer risk: OR 1.31 (95% CI 1.06–1.62; p=0.024), interpreted as a 31% increase. (farahmandian2024investigatingtherelationship pages 1-2)
Radon is commonly described as a leading non-tobacco cause (particularly in the US) and has no known safe level; the EPA remediation threshold 4 pCi/L (148 Bq/m³) is cited in a 2024 review. (laguna2024geographicdifferencesin pages 1-3)
Direct protective-factor estimates were not retrieved in the current evidence set. In practice, major protective factors include tobacco cessation and reduction of carcinogen exposures; smoking cessation is emphasized as a key preventive action within screening guidelines. (wolf2024screeningforlung pages 7-7)
A 2024 review notes associations between exposure patterns and driver distributions: EGFR mutations are more common in never-smokers and some populations, while KRAS G12C is associated with smoking history. (laguna2024geographicdifferencesin pages 1-3)
mNSCLC can present with pulmonary symptoms (cough, dyspnea), systemic symptoms (weight loss), and/or organ-specific symptoms from metastases. In a SEER-M1 analysis, common metastatic organs vary by histology (see “Anatomical structures affected”). (xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 1-2, xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 2-3)
Below are common metastasis-related phenotype groupings relevant to mNSCLC knowledge-base annotation. Frequencies are not uniformly available across all studies in the retrieved evidence; where available, they are provided.
Suggested HPO: HP:0002652 (Skeletal metastasis), HP:0002653 (Bone pain), HP:0012655 (Pathologic fracture).
Brain metastasis / neurologic manifestations
Suggested HPO: HP:0002506 (Brain metastasis), HP:0001288 (Gait disturbance), HP:0001250 (Seizures), HP:0002315 (Headache).
Liver metastasis / hepatic dysfunction
Suggested HPO: HP:0001410 (Hepatomegaly), HP:0001397 (Hepatic metastasis), HP:0002904 (Elevated hepatic transaminases) (laboratory abnormality).
Adrenal metastasis
Direct QoL instrument data (e.g., EQ-5D, SF-36) specific to metastatic NSCLC were not retrieved in the current evidence set; however, the metastatic burden and organ involvement (bone/brain) are consistently associated with poorer survival and often correlate with functional decline. (brown2024sitespecificresponseand pages 11-12, tanaka2024femoralbonemetastasis pages 1-3)
Modern mNSCLC management is biomarker-driven: actionable genomic alterations and immune biomarkers (PD-L1, sometimes TMB) are used to select targeted therapy or immunotherapy.
A 2024 review lists actionable first-line targets in unresectable/advanced/metastatic NSCLC including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1/2/3 fusions, BRAF V600E, and MET exon 14 skipping; immune selection includes PD-L1 TPS ≥50% for PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy when no sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations are present. (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 1-2)
A separate 2024 review emphasizes broad panels and includes additional emerging targets such as ERBB2 (HER2) and KRAS G12C. (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 4-6)
EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, MET, RET, ERBB2, BRAF, NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, TP53, STK11, KEAP1.
Specific epigenetic or chromosomal-abnormality datasets were not retrieved in the current evidence set.
No specific infectious causal agents for NSCLC were retrieved in the current evidence set.
Organ-specific microenvironments influence immunotherapy response: bone and liver metastases are associated with lower response and worse outcomes, suggesting site-specific immune resistance. (brown2024sitespecificresponseand pages 11-12, brown2024sitespecificresponseand pages 1-2)
1) KRAS G12C mutation → accumulation of KRAS(GDP)-bound fraction amenable to covalent inhibitors → initial MAPK/PI3K suppression → tumor response. (chour2024mechanismsofresistance pages 1-2) 2) Adaptive feedback and bypass signaling (e.g., NRAS/BRAF/RET activation; PTEN loss) and phenotypic shifts (EMT, transformation) → acquired resistance and progression. (chour2024mechanismsofresistance pages 1-2)
(These ontology suggestions are generic to tumor/immune interactions; the retrieved evidence supports immune and microenvironment involvement but does not enumerate CL/GO terms explicitly.) (yoo2024updateinassociation pages 2-3, brown2024sitespecificresponseand pages 11-12)
A SEER-based analysis (2010–2019; 77,827 M1 cases) found histology-specific metastatic patterns: - Bone: most common in ADC, SCC, ASC, LCC (e.g., ADC 35.15%). (xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 2-3) - Brain: particularly common in LCNEC. (xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 1-2) - Liver: particularly common in SCLC (included here for lung cancer context). (xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 2-3) - Lung-to-lung (intrapulmonary): common in carcinoid tumors and SCC. (xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 1-2)
Most lung cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages in many populations; a review notes that “most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages,” emphasizing prevention/early diagnosis importance. (laguna2024geographicdifferencesin pages 1-3)
mNSCLC corresponds to metastatic (M1) disease; SEER data indicate substantial proportion present with metastasis at diagnosis (e.g., 41.22% M1 lung cancers with distant metastasis at presentation in one SEER analysis). (xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 1-2)
mNSCLC is primarily driven by somatic alterations; a 2024 review notes pathogenic germline variants in high/moderate penetrance genes in 4.3% of a cohort (germline susceptibility signal, not typically a Mendelian inheritance pattern for mNSCLC). (laguna2024geographicdifferencesin pages 1-3)
Histologic classification in small biopsies often uses IHC panels: TTF-1 / napsin A (adenocarcinoma) and p40 / p63 (squamous). (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 2-4)
CAP/IASLC/AMP guidance (as summarized in a 2024 review) recommends testing all advanced lung cancers for sensitizing EGFR and ALK, with expansion to ROS1 and BRAF and then RET, MET, ERBB2, KRAS if earlier drivers are negative; NGS is emphasized for SNVs/CNVs/fusions and high yield. (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 2-4)
RNA-based NGS can improve fusion detection (ALK/ROS1/RET/NTRK). (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 4-6)
PD-L1 IHC is used for PD-1/PD-L1 selection; PD-L1 TPS ≥50% is used as a key threshold for monotherapy selection in biomarker algorithms. (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 1-2)
When tissue is insufficient or re-biopsy may delay care, plasma ctDNA can accelerate profiling and capture alterations from primary and metastatic sites. (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 4-6)
ctDNA is also used for resistance monitoring (e.g., EGFR T790M) and treatment decision support. (restrepo2024identificationandapplication pages 15-16)
A 2024 review of MET amplification reports: - Primary METamp prevalence ~4.8%; secondary (post-EGFR-TKI) METamp ~15%. (yang2024nonsmallcelllung pages 1-2) - Definition variability: FISH ratios (MET:CEP7 ≥1.8 to ≥3.0) or gene copy number (GCN ≥5 to ≥10); NGS tissue thresholds (GCN ≥6); liquid biopsy thresholds reported (MET copy number ≥2.1 to >5). (yang2024nonsmallcelllung pages 1-2) - NCCN notes copy number >10 consistent with high-level MET amplification (NGS). (yang2024nonsmallcelllung pages 3-5)
Specific differential-diagnosis algorithms were not retrieved in the current evidence set.
For metastatic NSCLC without sensitizing oncogenic drivers, ICIs as monotherapy (PD-L1-high) or chemoimmunotherapy (PD-L1 low/negative) are standard approaches; for biomarker-defined drivers (EGFR/ALK/ROS1/RET/MET/BRAF/etc.) targeted therapies are prioritized. (li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 1-2)
MARIPOSA (NEJM, Oct 2024) compared amivantamab + lazertinib vs osimertinib first-line in EGFR exon19del/L858R advanced/metastatic NSCLC. - Efficacy: median PFS 23.7 vs 16.6 months, HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.58–0.85; P<0.001). ORR 86% vs 85%; median DoR 25.8 vs 16.8 months; interim OS HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.61–1.05). (cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 8-9, cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 9-11) - Safety: grade ≥3 AEs 75% vs 43%; infusion reactions 63%; venous thromboembolism 37% vs 9%; AE-related discontinuation 35% vs 14%. (cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 9-11)
Figure evidence: Kaplan–Meier PFS separation and hazard ratio are shown in the extracted figure. (cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib media ee6afa38)
Abstract quote: “The median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the amivantamab-lazertinib group than in the osimertinib group (23.7 vs. 16.6 months; hazard ratio … 0.70 …; P<0.001).” (cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 1-4)
Suggested MAXO terms (illustrative): tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy; monoclonal antibody therapy; combination antineoplastic therapy.
Suggested MAXO: targeted small molecule therapy; molecularly targeted therapy; tumor sequencing-guided therapy.
Suggested MAXO: antibody–drug conjugate therapy; HER2-targeted therapy.
Expert analysis in authoritative sources: Real-world cohorts repeatedly observe lower OS than pivotal trials but preservation of the relative benefit compared with chemotherapy, supporting generalizability while highlighting trial-to-practice gaps (age, ECOG, comorbidities). (hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 1-2)
ACS recommends annual LDCT lung cancer screening for asymptomatic individuals: - Age: 50–80 years - Smoking: ≥20 pack-years - Smoking status: current or former smokers; years-since-quitting is not used as an eligibility criterion. (wolf2024screeningforlung pages 2-3, wolf2024screeningforlung pages 7-7)
Abstract quote: “The ACS recommends annual LCS with low‐dose computed tomography for asymptomatic individuals aged 50–80 years who currently smoke or formerly smoked and have a ≥20 pack‐year smoking history.” (wolf2024screeningforlung pages 1-2)
Direct comparative pathology or naturally occurring non-human mNSCLC content was not retrieved in the current evidence set.
| Entity | Definition / scope | Synonyms / alternative names | MONDO | MeSH | ICD | Notes / evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer | Advanced NSCLC with distant metastatic spread; often operationally aligned with stage IV disease in clinical studies and population datasets | mNSCLC; metastatic NSCLC; advanced NSCLC (when metastatic cohort) | Specific MONDO/MeSH/ICD identifier for the metastatic-stage entity was not found in retrieved evidence; studies explicitly use “metastatic NSCLC” terminology (apter2024realworldtreatmentpatterns pages 1-2, uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 3-4) | |||
| Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer | AJCC/registry stage IV NSCLC; commonly used as a proxy for metastatic disease in epidemiologic and treatment studies | stage IV NSCLC; metastatic stage NSCLC | Used in SEER/SEER-Medicare analyses and real-world treatment datasets; exact ICD/MeSH/MONDO code not reported in retrieved evidence (yang2024disparitiesinutilization pages 1-2, yang2024disparitiesinutilization pages 2-3) | |||
| Non-small cell lung cancer | Major lung cancer class comprising ~80%–90% of lung cancers; umbrella category including adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma | NSCLC; non-small-cell lung cancer; non-small cell lung carcinoma | Disease-level identifiers were not reported in retrieved evidence; Open Targets lists non-small cell lung carcinoma as EFO_0003060 (not MONDO) (apter2024realworldtreatmentpatterns pages 1-2, OpenTargets Search: Non-small cell lung carcinoma,Lung adenocarcinoma,Lung squamous cell carcinoma) | |||
| Non-squamous NSCLC / lung adenocarcinoma predominant mNSCLC | Common metastatic NSCLC subtype in immunotherapy-era cohorts | NSQ NSCLC; adenocarcinoma-predominant NSCLC | In one mNSCLC real-world cohort, 85% had adenocarcinoma histology; exact ontology identifiers not reported in retrieved evidence (apter2024realworldtreatmentpatterns pages 1-2) | |||
| Squamous NSCLC | Squamous histologic subtype of NSCLC | squamous cell NSCLC; squamous cell carcinoma of lung (NSCLC context) | MONDO_0056806 (for non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma in Open Targets context) | Histology-specific related entity rather than the target disease; included because many metastatic cohorts stratify by histology (OpenTargets Search: Non-small cell lung carcinoma,Lung adenocarcinoma,Lung squamous cell carcinoma, apter2024realworldtreatmentpatterns pages 1-2) |
| Setting / population | Biomarker | Intervention | Comparator | Key outcomes (PFS / OS / ORR) | Notable safety | Publication (year, journal) | URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previously untreated EGFR-mutated locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC (MARIPOSA) | EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R | Amivantamab + lazertinib | Osimertinib | Median PFS 23.7 vs 16.6 mo; HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.58–0.85); ORR 86% vs 85%; median DoR 25.8 vs 16.8 mo; interim OS HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.61–1.05) (cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 8-9, cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 1-4, cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 9-11) | Grade ≥3 AEs 75% vs 43%; infusion-related reactions 63%; VTE 37% vs 9%; discontinuation due to AEs 35% vs 14%; discontinuation of all agents due to treatment-related AEs 10% vs 3% (cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 11-12, cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 9-11, cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib media ee6afa38) | Cho et al., 2024, New England Journal of Medicine | https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2403614 |
| Nationwide Norway real-world advanced/metastatic NSCLC initiating 1L systemic therapy, 2012–2021 | No targetable mutation required; pembrolizumab-treated cohorts reflect standard clinical selection | Pembrolizumab monotherapy or pembrolizumab + chemotherapy | Historical pre-ICI platinum chemotherapy | Median OS: pembrolizumab mono 13.8 mo; pembrolizumab + chemo 12.8 mo; historical chemo 8.0 mo; 2-year OS increased to ~35% (mono) and ~31% (combo) vs ~19% pre-ICI (hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 5-6, hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 7-8, hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 1-2) | Real-world patients were older and broader than KEYNOTE trial populations; specific PFS not reported in retrieved excerpts (hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 5-6, hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 1-2) | Hektoen et al., 2024, British Journal of Cancer | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02895-1 |
| SEER-Medicare metastatic NSCLC, diagnosed 2015–2019 (n=17,134) | Population-level; not biomarker-selected | Immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure (any approved ICI claim) | No ICI / population benchmark | ICI utilization 38.7% (~39%); overall median OS 7 mo; 1-year OS 34%; 2-year OS 21%; 2-year OS from ICI initiation 30% vs 11% without ICI (uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 3-4, uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 1-2, uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 2-3) | Main issue highlighted was access disparity rather than toxicity; lower ICI use in Black, lower-SES, rural, and dual-eligible groups (uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 3-4, uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 1-2) | Uprety et al., 2024, JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute | https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae118 |
| Previously treated KRAS G12C-mutated advanced/metastatic NSCLC (phase III CodeBreaK 200) | KRAS G12C | Sotorasib | Docetaxel | Median PFS 5.6 vs 4.5 mo; HR 0.66; ORR 28.1% vs 13.2%; median OS 10.6 vs 11.3 mo (not statistically different) (chour2024mechanismsofresistance pages 1-2, warnecke2024adagrasibinthe pages 4-5) | TRAEs common; pooled meta-analysis suggests any-grade trAEs 79.3% and grade ≥3 trAEs 24.4% across KRAS G12C inhibitors; sotorasib had better pooled safety than adagrasib (warnecke2024adagrasibinthe pages 4-5, dang2024efficacyandtoxicity pages 1-2) | Summarized in Warnecke & Nagasaka, 2024, Drug Design, Development and Therapy; Chour et al., 2024, Frontiers in Oncology | https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S466217 |
| KRAS G12C-mutated advanced/metastatic NSCLC with CNS-active/refractory disease evidence (KRYSTAL program summaries) | KRAS G12C | Adagrasib | Mostly single-arm / some docetaxel comparison in KRYSTAL-12 intracranial subset | Intracranial ORR 42% (95% CI 20–66.5%); intracranial PFS 5.4 mo; intracranial DoR 12.7 mo; systemic ORR 30%; systemic PFS 5.3 mo; KRYSTAL-12 intracranial ORR 40% vs 11% with docetaxel (warnecke2024adagrasibinthe pages 4-5) | Adagrasib generally associated with more toxicity than sotorasib in pooled analyses; resistance common via on-target/off-target bypass mechanisms (chour2024mechanismsofresistance pages 1-2, dang2024efficacyandtoxicity pages 1-2) | Warnecke & Nagasaka, 2024, Drug Design, Development and Therapy | https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S466217 |
| Pretreated HER2-mutant metastatic NSCLC (DESTINY-Lung01) | HER2 / ERBB2 mutation | Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) 6.4 mg/kg | Single-arm | ORR 54.9–55%; median PFS 8.2 mo; median OS 17.8–18.6 mo; median DoR 10.6 mo; DCR 92% (lazaratos2024apotentialcentral pages 1-2, lazaratos2024apotentialcentral pages 2-4, wang2024addressingtheunmet pages 3-5) | Interstitial lung disease is a major toxicity concern; pooled/summary estimates ~11.6% ILD overall with grade 5 events reported in reviews (lazaratos2024apotentialcentral pages 2-4) | Summarized in Ferrari et al., 2024, Cancers; Wang et al., 2024, Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy | https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112018 |
| Pretreated HER2-mutant advanced/metastatic NSCLC (DESTINY-Lung02) | HER2 / ERBB2 mutation | Trastuzumab deruxtecan 5.4 mg/kg (approved dose) | 6.4 mg/kg cohort / non-comparative dose evaluation | ORR 53.8% vs 42.9% (5.4 vs 6.4 mg/kg) in one summary; another review reports approved-dose ORR 49.0%, median DoR 16.8 mo, median PFS 9.9 mo (wang2024addressingtheunmet pages 3-5, li2024shra1811(antibodydrugconjugate) pages 1-2) | ILD/pneumonitis monitoring remains essential; intracranial activity also noted in reviews and brain-metastasis subgroups (lazaratos2024apotentialcentral pages 2-4, ferrari2024her2alterednonsmallcell pages 1-2) | Li et al., 2024, Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy; Ferrari et al., 2024, Cancers | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01897-y |
Table: This artifact provides two compact tables: one for disease naming/identifier coverage in the retrieved evidence, and one for pivotal 2024 metastatic NSCLC efficacy and safety figures across major treatment settings. It is useful for quickly mapping terminology and comparing contemporary clinical outcomes across targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and population-level datasets.
1) Several requested ontology identifiers (ICD-10/11, MeSH, metastatic-stage MONDO) were not present in the retrieved full-text corpus and should be added from ontology resources. 2) Some sections (QoL instruments, detailed differential diagnosis, epigenetics) require additional targeted retrieval beyond the current evidence set.
References
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(apter2024realworldtreatmentpatterns pages 1-2): Lior Apter, Sarah Sharman Moser, Ashwini Arunachalam, Sivan Gazit, Moshe Hoshen, Gabriel Chodick, and Nava Siegelmann-Danieli. Real-world treatment patterns, biomarker testing, and clinical outcomes of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients in the immunotherapy era. Frontiers in Oncology, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1442909, doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1442909. This article has 2 citations.
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(yang2024disparitiesinutilization pages 1-2): Danting Yang, Shama D. Karanth, Hyung-Suk Yoon, Jae Jeong Yang, Xiwei Lou, Jiang Bian, Dongyu Zhang, Yi Guo, Lusine Yaghjyan, Tomi Akinyemiju, Estelamari Rodriguez, Hiren J. Mehta, and Dejana Braithwaite. Disparities in utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy among older patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer: a seer-medicare analysis. JCO Oncology Advances, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1200/oa.24.00008, doi:10.1200/oa.24.00008. This article has 6 citations.
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(hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 5-6): Helga H. Hektoen, Kaitlyn M. Tsuruda, Lars Fjellbirkeland, Yngvar Nilssen, Odd Terje Brustugun, and Bettina K. Andreassen. Real-world evidence for pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study. British Journal of Cancer, 132:93-102, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02895-1, doi:10.1038/s41416-024-02895-1. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 8-9): Byoung C. Cho, Shun Lu, Enriqueta Felip, Alexander I. Spira, Nicolas Girard, Jong-Seok Lee, Se-Hoon Lee, Yurii Ostapenko, Pongwut Danchaivijitr, Baogang Liu, Adlinda Alip, Ernesto Korbenfeld, Josiane Mourão Dias, Benjamin Besse, Ki-Hyeong Lee, Hailin Xiong, Soon-Hin How, Ying Cheng, Gee-Chen Chang, Hiroshige Yoshioka, James C.-H. Yang, Michael Thomas, Danny Nguyen, Sai-Hong I. Ou, Sanjay Mukhedkar, Kumar Prabhash, Manolo D’Arcangelo, Jorge Alatorre-Alexander, Juan C. Vázquez Limón, Sara Alves, Daniil Stroyakovskiy, Marina Peregudova, Mehmet A.N. Şendur, Ozan Yazici, Raffaele Califano, Vanesa Gutiérrez Calderón, Filippo de Marinis, Antonio Passaro, Sang-We Kim, Shirish M. Gadgeel, John Xie, Tao Sun, Melissa Martinez, Mariah Ennis, Elizabeth Fennema, Mahesh Daksh, Dawn Millington, Isabelle Leconte, Ryota Iwasawa, Patricia Lorenzini, Mahadi Baig, Sujay Shah, Joshua M. Bauml, S. Martin Shreeve, Seema Sethi, Roland E. Knoblauch, and Hidetoshi Hayashi. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in previously untreated egfr -mutated advanced nsclc. New England Journal of Medicine, 391:1486-1498, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2403614, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2403614. This article has 450 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(laguna2024geographicdifferencesin pages 1-3): Juan Carlos Laguna, Miguel García-Pardo, Joao Alessi, Carlos Barrios, Navneet Singh, Humaid O. Al-Shamsi, Herbert Loong, Miquel Ferriol, Gonzalo Recondo, and Laura Mezquita. Geographic differences in lung cancer: focus on carcinogens, genetic predisposition, and molecular epidemiology. Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/17588359241231260, doi:10.1177/17588359241231260. This article has 64 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
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(farahmandian2024investigatingtherelationship pages 1-2): Parisa Farahmandian, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdolmajid Fadaei, and Ramezan Sadeghi. Investigating the relationship between exposure to cadmium and lung cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Health and Safety at Work, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.18502/jhsw.v14i1.17131, doi:10.18502/jhsw.v14i1.17131. This article has 4 citations.
(wolf2024screeningforlung pages 7-7): Andrew M. D. Wolf, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Tina Ya‐Chen Shih, Louise C. Walter, Timothy R. Church, Elizabeth T. H. Fontham, Elena B. Elkin, Ruth D. Etzioni, Carmen E. Guerra, Rebecca B. Perkins, Karli K. Kondo, Tyler B. Kratzer, Deana Manassaram‐Baptiste, William L. Dahut, and Robert A. Smith. Screening for lung cancer: 2023 guideline update from the american cancer society. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 74:50-81, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21811, doi:10.3322/caac.21811. This article has 425 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 1-2): Tian Xie, Bing-Mei Qiu, Jing Luo, Yi-Fei Diao, Li-Wen Hu, Xiao-Long Liu, and Yi Shen. Distant metastasis patterns among lung cancer subtypes and impact of primary tumor resection on survival in metastatic lung cancer using seer database. Scientific Reports, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73389-6, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73389-6. This article has 25 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(xie2024distantmetastasispatterns pages 2-3): Tian Xie, Bing-Mei Qiu, Jing Luo, Yi-Fei Diao, Li-Wen Hu, Xiao-Long Liu, and Yi Shen. Distant metastasis patterns among lung cancer subtypes and impact of primary tumor resection on survival in metastatic lung cancer using seer database. Scientific Reports, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73389-6, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73389-6. This article has 25 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(tanaka2024femoralbonemetastasis pages 1-3): Ichidai Tanaka, Kazumi Hori, Junji Koyama, Soei Gen, Masahiro Morise, Yuta Kodama, Akira Matsui, Ayako Miyazawa, Tetsunari Hase, Yoshitaka Hibino, Toshihiko Yokoyama, Tomoki Kimura, Norio Yoshida, Mitsuo Sato, and Makoto Ishii. Femoral bone metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in egfr-tkis-treated patients with egfr-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective, multicenter cohort study. Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/17588359241303090, doi:10.1177/17588359241303090. This article has 2 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(hektoen2024realworldevidencefor pages 3-5): Helga H. Hektoen, Kaitlyn M. Tsuruda, Lars Fjellbirkeland, Yngvar Nilssen, Odd Terje Brustugun, and Bettina K. Andreassen. Real-world evidence for pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide cohort study. British Journal of Cancer, 132:93-102, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02895-1, doi:10.1038/s41416-024-02895-1. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
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(brown2024sitespecificresponseand pages 1-2): Lauren Julia Brown, Julie Ahn, Bo Gao, Harriet Gee, Adnan Nagrial, Eric Hau, and Inês Pires da Silva. Site-specific response and resistance patterns in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with first-line systemic therapy. Cancers, 16:2136, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112136, doi:10.3390/cancers16112136. This article has 4 citations.
(li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 1-2): Tianhong Li, Weijie Ma, and Ebaa Al-Obeidi. Evolving precision first-line systemic treatment for patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Cancers, 16:2350, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132350, doi:10.3390/cancers16132350. This article has 14 citations.
(li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 4-6): Tianhong Li, Weijie Ma, and Ebaa Al-Obeidi. Evolving precision first-line systemic treatment for patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Cancers, 16:2350, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132350, doi:10.3390/cancers16132350. This article has 14 citations.
(cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 1-4): Byoung C. Cho, Shun Lu, Enriqueta Felip, Alexander I. Spira, Nicolas Girard, Jong-Seok Lee, Se-Hoon Lee, Yurii Ostapenko, Pongwut Danchaivijitr, Baogang Liu, Adlinda Alip, Ernesto Korbenfeld, Josiane Mourão Dias, Benjamin Besse, Ki-Hyeong Lee, Hailin Xiong, Soon-Hin How, Ying Cheng, Gee-Chen Chang, Hiroshige Yoshioka, James C.-H. Yang, Michael Thomas, Danny Nguyen, Sai-Hong I. Ou, Sanjay Mukhedkar, Kumar Prabhash, Manolo D’Arcangelo, Jorge Alatorre-Alexander, Juan C. Vázquez Limón, Sara Alves, Daniil Stroyakovskiy, Marina Peregudova, Mehmet A.N. Şendur, Ozan Yazici, Raffaele Califano, Vanesa Gutiérrez Calderón, Filippo de Marinis, Antonio Passaro, Sang-We Kim, Shirish M. Gadgeel, John Xie, Tao Sun, Melissa Martinez, Mariah Ennis, Elizabeth Fennema, Mahesh Daksh, Dawn Millington, Isabelle Leconte, Ryota Iwasawa, Patricia Lorenzini, Mahadi Baig, Sujay Shah, Joshua M. Bauml, S. Martin Shreeve, Seema Sethi, Roland E. Knoblauch, and Hidetoshi Hayashi. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in previously untreated egfr -mutated advanced nsclc. New England Journal of Medicine, 391:1486-1498, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2403614, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2403614. This article has 450 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(chour2024mechanismsofresistance pages 1-2): Ali Chour, Anne-Claire Toffart, Elodie Berton, and Michael Duruisseaux. Mechanisms of resistance to krasg12c inhibitors in krasg12c-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1328728, doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1328728. This article has 21 citations.
(warnecke2024adagrasibinthe pages 1-2): Brian Warnecke and Misako Nagasaka. Adagrasib in the treatment of kras p.g12c positive advanced nsclc: design, development and place in therapy. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 18:5673-5683, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s466217, doi:10.2147/dddt.s466217. This article has 5 citations.
(ferrari2024her2alterednonsmallcell pages 1-2): Giorgia Ferrari, Benedetta Del Rio, Silvia Novello, and Francesco Passiglia. Her2-altered non-small cell lung cancer: a journey from current approaches to emerging strategies. Cancers, 16:2018, May 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112018, doi:10.3390/cancers16112018. This article has 18 citations.
(cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 7-8): Byoung C. Cho, Shun Lu, Enriqueta Felip, Alexander I. Spira, Nicolas Girard, Jong-Seok Lee, Se-Hoon Lee, Yurii Ostapenko, Pongwut Danchaivijitr, Baogang Liu, Adlinda Alip, Ernesto Korbenfeld, Josiane Mourão Dias, Benjamin Besse, Ki-Hyeong Lee, Hailin Xiong, Soon-Hin How, Ying Cheng, Gee-Chen Chang, Hiroshige Yoshioka, James C.-H. Yang, Michael Thomas, Danny Nguyen, Sai-Hong I. Ou, Sanjay Mukhedkar, Kumar Prabhash, Manolo D’Arcangelo, Jorge Alatorre-Alexander, Juan C. Vázquez Limón, Sara Alves, Daniil Stroyakovskiy, Marina Peregudova, Mehmet A.N. Şendur, Ozan Yazici, Raffaele Califano, Vanesa Gutiérrez Calderón, Filippo de Marinis, Antonio Passaro, Sang-We Kim, Shirish M. Gadgeel, John Xie, Tao Sun, Melissa Martinez, Mariah Ennis, Elizabeth Fennema, Mahesh Daksh, Dawn Millington, Isabelle Leconte, Ryota Iwasawa, Patricia Lorenzini, Mahadi Baig, Sujay Shah, Joshua M. Bauml, S. Martin Shreeve, Seema Sethi, Roland E. Knoblauch, and Hidetoshi Hayashi. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in previously untreated egfr -mutated advanced nsclc. New England Journal of Medicine, 391:1486-1498, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2403614, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2403614. This article has 450 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(uprety2024racialandsocioeconomic pages 1-2): Dipesh Uprety, Randell Seaton, Tarik Hadid, Hirva Mamdani, Ammar Sukari, Julie J Ruterbusch, and Ann G Schwartz. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 116:1697-1704, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djae118, doi:10.1093/jnci/djae118. This article has 17 citations.
(li2024evolvingprecisionfirstline pages 2-4): Tianhong Li, Weijie Ma, and Ebaa Al-Obeidi. Evolving precision first-line systemic treatment for patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Cancers, 16:2350, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132350, doi:10.3390/cancers16132350. This article has 14 citations.
(restrepo2024identificationandapplication pages 15-16): Juan Carlos Restrepo, Darly Martínez Guevara, Andrés Pareja López, John Fernando Montenegro Palacios, and Yamil Liscano. Identification and application of emerging biomarkers in treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: systematic review. Cancers, 16:2338, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132338, doi:10.3390/cancers16132338. This article has 33 citations.
(yang2024nonsmallcelllung pages 1-2): Mo Yang, Erin Mandal, Frank X. Liu, Richard M. O’Hara, Beth Lesher, and Rachel E. Sanborn. Non-small cell lung cancer with met amplification: review of epidemiology, associated disease characteristics, testing procedures, burden, and treatments. Frontiers in Oncology, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1241402, doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1241402. This article has 19 citations.
(yang2024nonsmallcelllung pages 3-5): Mo Yang, Erin Mandal, Frank X. Liu, Richard M. O’Hara, Beth Lesher, and Rachel E. Sanborn. Non-small cell lung cancer with met amplification: review of epidemiology, associated disease characteristics, testing procedures, burden, and treatments. Frontiers in Oncology, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1241402, doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1241402. This article has 19 citations.
(cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib pages 9-11): Byoung C. Cho, Shun Lu, Enriqueta Felip, Alexander I. Spira, Nicolas Girard, Jong-Seok Lee, Se-Hoon Lee, Yurii Ostapenko, Pongwut Danchaivijitr, Baogang Liu, Adlinda Alip, Ernesto Korbenfeld, Josiane Mourão Dias, Benjamin Besse, Ki-Hyeong Lee, Hailin Xiong, Soon-Hin How, Ying Cheng, Gee-Chen Chang, Hiroshige Yoshioka, James C.-H. Yang, Michael Thomas, Danny Nguyen, Sai-Hong I. Ou, Sanjay Mukhedkar, Kumar Prabhash, Manolo D’Arcangelo, Jorge Alatorre-Alexander, Juan C. Vázquez Limón, Sara Alves, Daniil Stroyakovskiy, Marina Peregudova, Mehmet A.N. Şendur, Ozan Yazici, Raffaele Califano, Vanesa Gutiérrez Calderón, Filippo de Marinis, Antonio Passaro, Sang-We Kim, Shirish M. Gadgeel, John Xie, Tao Sun, Melissa Martinez, Mariah Ennis, Elizabeth Fennema, Mahesh Daksh, Dawn Millington, Isabelle Leconte, Ryota Iwasawa, Patricia Lorenzini, Mahadi Baig, Sujay Shah, Joshua M. Bauml, S. Martin Shreeve, Seema Sethi, Roland E. Knoblauch, and Hidetoshi Hayashi. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in previously untreated egfr -mutated advanced nsclc. New England Journal of Medicine, 391:1486-1498, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2403614, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2403614. This article has 450 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(cho2024amivantamabpluslazertinib media ee6afa38): Byoung C. Cho, Shun Lu, Enriqueta Felip, Alexander I. Spira, Nicolas Girard, Jong-Seok Lee, Se-Hoon Lee, Yurii Ostapenko, Pongwut Danchaivijitr, Baogang Liu, Adlinda Alip, Ernesto Korbenfeld, Josiane Mourão Dias, Benjamin Besse, Ki-Hyeong Lee, Hailin Xiong, Soon-Hin How, Ying Cheng, Gee-Chen Chang, Hiroshige Yoshioka, James C.-H. Yang, Michael Thomas, Danny Nguyen, Sai-Hong I. Ou, Sanjay Mukhedkar, Kumar Prabhash, Manolo D’Arcangelo, Jorge Alatorre-Alexander, Juan C. Vázquez Limón, Sara Alves, Daniil Stroyakovskiy, Marina Peregudova, Mehmet A.N. Şendur, Ozan Yazici, Raffaele Califano, Vanesa Gutiérrez Calderón, Filippo de Marinis, Antonio Passaro, Sang-We Kim, Shirish M. Gadgeel, John Xie, Tao Sun, Melissa Martinez, Mariah Ennis, Elizabeth Fennema, Mahesh Daksh, Dawn Millington, Isabelle Leconte, Ryota Iwasawa, Patricia Lorenzini, Mahadi Baig, Sujay Shah, Joshua M. Bauml, S. Martin Shreeve, Seema Sethi, Roland E. Knoblauch, and Hidetoshi Hayashi. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in previously untreated egfr -mutated advanced nsclc. New England Journal of Medicine, 391:1486-1498, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2403614, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2403614. This article has 450 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
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(lazaratos2024apotentialcentral pages 1-2): Anna-Maria Lazaratos, David J. H. Bian, Kevin Petrecca, Marie-Christine Guiot, and Matthew Dankner. A potential central nervous system niche for trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with her2-expressing non-small cell lung cancer. Translational Lung Cancer Research, 13:3824-3830, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr-24-856, doi:10.21037/tlcr-24-856. This article has 0 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
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(lazaratos2024apotentialcentral pages 2-4): Anna-Maria Lazaratos, David J. H. Bian, Kevin Petrecca, Marie-Christine Guiot, and Matthew Dankner. A potential central nervous system niche for trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with her2-expressing non-small cell lung cancer. Translational Lung Cancer Research, 13:3824-3830, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr-24-856, doi:10.21037/tlcr-24-856. This article has 0 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
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(wolf2024screeningforlung pages 1-2): Andrew M. D. Wolf, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Tina Ya‐Chen Shih, Louise C. Walter, Timothy R. Church, Elizabeth T. H. Fontham, Elena B. Elkin, Ruth D. Etzioni, Carmen E. Guerra, Rebecca B. Perkins, Karli K. Kondo, Tyler B. Kratzer, Deana Manassaram‐Baptiste, William L. Dahut, and Robert A. Smith. Screening for lung cancer: 2023 guideline update from the american cancer society. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 74:50-81, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21811, doi:10.3322/caac.21811. This article has 425 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
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