Asta Literature Retrieval: Pathophysiology and clinical mechanisms of Bohring-Opitz syndrome. Core disease mechanisms, molecular and cellular pa...

This report is retrieval-only and is generated directly from Asta results.

• Papers retrieved: 20
• Snippets retrieved: 20

Relevant Papers

[1] New therapeutic targets in rare genetic skeletal diseases

• Authors: M. Briggs, Peter A. Bell, M. Wright, K. A. Pirog
• Year: 2015
• Venue: Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1363107f71ae6d2d60abca471cddf3da5d13644b
• DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1083853
• PMID: 26635999
• PMCID: 4643203
• Citations: 37
• Influential citations: 1
• Summary: An overview of disease mechanisms that are shared amongst groups of different GSDs and potential therapeutic approaches that are under investigation are described to generate critical mass for the identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.396) > proteins of the cartilage ECM such as type II collagen [50]. However, emerging knowledge suggests that the primary genetic defect may be less important than the cells' response to the expression of the mutant gene product [107]. Moreover, the largely overlooked response of a cell (i.e. chondrocyte) to the abnormal extracellular environment is also important for disease progression as illustrated by several GSDs discussed in this review. > It is important that 'omics'-based approaches and technologies are systematically applied to the study of rare GSDs so that definitive reference profiles and disease signatures are generated for each phenotype. These can then be used in a Systems Biology approach to identify both common and dissimilar pathological signatures and disease mechanisms. This approach is entirely dependent upon relevant in vitro and in vivo models (and also novel 'disease-mechanism phenocopies' [107]) for testing new diagnostic and prognostic tools and for determining the molecular mechanisms that underpin the pathophysiology so that effective therapeutic treatments can be developed and validated. This approach will eventually lead to personalized treatments and care strategies centred on shared disease mechanisms with the use of relevant biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of treatment and disease progression. > It is vital that all relevant stakeholders are involved from the outset in defining the appropriate outcomes of any potential therapeutic regime. The perceptions of a successful therapy can differ widely between the clinical academic community and the relevant patient-support groups and it is vital that there is engagement on all these issues. > In summary, the identification of causative genes and mutations for GSDs over the last 20 years, coupled with the generation and in-depth analysis of a plethora of relevant cell and mouse models, has derived new knowledge on disease mechanisms and suggested potential therapeutic targets. The fast-evolving hypothesis that clinically disparate diseases can share common disease mechanisms is a powerful concept that will generate critical mass for the identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

[2] Exploring the molecular mechanisms of subarachnoid hemorrhage and potential therapeutic targets: insights from bioinformatics and drug prediction

• Authors: Yi Liu, Yang Zhang, Huan Wei, Li Wang, Lishang Liao
• Year: 2025
• Venue: Scientific Reports
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/19a91d9c8cabec6a5a186729d545077e252ecb67
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97642-8
• PMID: 40229542
• PMCID: 11997208
• Summary: The findings not only elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying SAH but also provide robust bioinformatics and experimental evidence supporting IRN as a promising therapeutic candidate, offering novel insights for future intervention strategies in SAH.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.375) > involved in SAH pathology. As a result, our understanding of the cellular composition and microenvironment in SAH remains incomplete 8 . > Advances in bioinformatics provide powerful tools to analyze large-scale gene expression data and understand complex biological processes. By integrating transcriptomic data with immune cell infiltration analysis, we can gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SAH and identify potential key genes as therapeutic targets 9,10 . Previous studies have indicated that inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death play crucial roles in the development of SAH, processes that are often closely associated with changes in specific cell types and immune responses 11 . > The goal of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms of SAH, with a focus on immune cell infiltration and its role in disease progression. We aim to identify key genes and signaling pathways associated with SAH and investigate potential therapeutic strategies. Specifically, we will examine Isorhynchophylline (IRN) as a potential treatment for SAH and analyze its effects on relevant targets and signaling pathways. Through a comprehensive understanding of the pathological features of SAH, this study aims to provide valuable insights into future clinical interventions and treatment strategies.

[3] Cardiomyocytes Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Disease Model for Propionic Acidemia

• Authors: Esmeralda Alonso-Barroso, B. Pérez, L. Desviat, E. Richard
• Year: 2021
• Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/da649a0f04477c53b448c5ac5f873f8762235290
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031161
• PMID: 33503868
• PMCID: 7865492
• Citations: 16
• Influential citations: 1
• Summary: The novel results show that PA iPSC-cardiomyocytes represent a promising model for investigating the pathological mechanisms underlying PA cardiomyopathies, also serving as an ex vivo platform for therapeutic evaluation.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.373) > The study of the mechanisms involved in disease physiopathology has been mainly performed using the hypomorphic PA mouse model that mimics the biochemical and clinical phenotype [5]. Using this model, bioenergetic failure, oxidative damage and deregulation of miRNAs induced by accumulating propionyl-CoA have been described as potential mechanisms contributing to PA physiopathology [6][7][8]. The limitations of animal models for the study of cardiac energy metabolism [9] and of the commonly available cellular human models such as fibroblasts, underline the importance of generating new relevant cell models to provide deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease. The use of in vitro models with human cellular context is highly recommended and, in this sense, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have certain advantages since they provide the genetic background of the patient and represent an unlimited source of biological material for the study of pathophysiology and treatment effectiveness [10]. We have previously generated an iPSC line from a PA patient with defects in the PCCA gene that showed full pluripotency, differentiation capacity and genetic stability [11]. > In the present study, we aimed to establish a platform that served as a disease model to study the cellular and molecular alterations operating in cardiac tissue affected by PA disease. We described the characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from the PCCA iPSC line (PCCA iPSC-CMs) and the analysis of specific pathways potentially involved in cardiac PA physiopathology.

[4] The role of Extracellular Genomic Materials (EGMs) in psychiatric disorders

• Authors: A. Kurtulmuş, Cemal Çağıl Koçana, S. Toprak, Selçuk Sözer
• Year: 2023
• Venue: Translational Psychiatry
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7997a9b821a1676ad0f2dc5e4a06ba6582806127
• DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02549-5
• PMID: 37464177
• PMCID: 10354097
• Citations: 4
• Summary: Many aspects of EGMs have been elegantly reviewed, including their potential in diagnosis as biomarkers, application in treatment modalities, and functional effects in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.367) > Investigation of EGMs according to disease stages (such as acute exacerbation-remission or different stages of bipolar), disease subgroups, and phenotypic characteristics of patients holds the potential to uncover the related biological mechanisms and target more specific relevant pathways for treatment. Studies exploring the changes in expression levels of free EGMs, such as cimiRNAs and lncRNAs, as well as variations in metabolite and protein cargoes of EVs throughout different stages of the disease and in association with clinical phenotypes, would provide valuable insight into underlying mechanisms and pathways. Moreover, considering the overlapping symptomatology observed in different psychiatric diseases and the common genetic, neuroanatomical, and neurobiological findings, cross-disorders studies can also provide important information about at what points these diseases overlap and differ from each other, both biological and epigenetic wise. Furthermore, prospective studies with high-risk clinical individuals and prodromal patients may shed light on the biological processes associated with disease progression and transformation. Additionally, EGM studies have the potential to contribute valuable information on the neurobiological and epigenetic mechanisms underlying some environmental risk factors, such as stress, trauma and drug abuse, that contribute to the development of the diseases. > Another potential application of EGMs is to investigate the mechanisms of action of various treatment methods, such as lithium and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which are highly effective and widely used in treatment but still lack a complete understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this regard, EVs studies are very promising in particular. Analyzing changes in cargo contents following these treatments could help bridge the gap between neurobiology and clinical outcomes. For example, it has been hypothesized that ECT may act by inducing CNS cells to secrete EVs containing harmful and neurotoxic proteins/metabolites [124]. > The research on CNS including post-mortem or preclinical studies which allow in situ analysis of the organ system has certain limitations, such as ethical concerns and criticism regarding to the extent to which these studies accurately reflect real diseases in vivo. However, the concept of analyzing the peripheral markers that are expected to reflect disease status in the CNS remains a subject of debate. Nevertheless, the potential of EGMs may overcome such obstacles.

[5] Recent Evidences of Epigenetic Alterations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review

• Authors: R. Ragusa, Pasquale Bufano, A. Tognetti, M. Laurino, Chiara Caselli
• Year: 2025
• Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2660cdbbe1f205c631fe890e5c6a3c8d9b81ce5f
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062571
• PMID: 40141213
• PMCID: 11942187
• Citations: 4
• Summary: A systematic review of the latest knowledge on epigenetic modifications that characterize COPD, summarizing epigenetic factors that could serve as potential novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of COPD patients.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.367) > The papers included were clustered according to epigenetic mechanisms involved in COPD (molecular and cellular processes, as biomarker or therapeutic target). Tables 4-9 describe the extracted information, including the following: Study = name of first author et al., year; Country (Region) = where the study took place; Number of participants = sample size; Type of sample = biological sample employed; Gene affected = gene or group of genes whose expression can be "regulated" by epigenetic mechanisms; Epigenetic alteration = type of epigenetic alteration observed in the presence of disease; Activity in COPD = involvement of epigenetic elements in different molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with COPD; and Role of epigenetic mechanisms = epigenetic modifications that can be used to explain the pathophysiology of COPD or as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

[6] Molecular genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa

• Authors: Y. Kotalevskaya, V. Stepanov
• Year: 2023
• Venue: Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/720cbefbd0435504a6ed670ccf4f491dfbd3f143
• DOI: 10.18699/VJGB-23-04
• PMID: 36923479
• PMCID: 10009482
• Citations: 8
• Influential citations: 2
• Summary: The study of clinical, genetic and ultrastructural changes in EB has significantly expanded the understanding of the natural history of the disease and supplemented the data on genotype-phenotype correlations, promotes the search and study of epigenetic and non-genetic disease modifier factors, and also allows developing approaches to radical treatment of the Disease.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.366) > Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder of skin fragility, caused by mutations in a large number of genes associated with skin integrity and dermal-epidermal adhesion. Skin fragility is manifested by a decrease in resistance to external mechanical influences, the clinical signs of which are the formation of blisters, erosions and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. EB is a multisystemic disease and characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum with extracutaneous complications in severe types, besides the skin and mucous membranes, with high mortality. More than 30 clinical subtypes have been identified, which are grouped into four main types: simplex EB, junctional EB, dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome. To date, pathogenic variants in 16 different genes are associated with EB and encode proteins that are part of the skin anchoring structures or are signaling proteins. Genetic mutations cause dysfunction of cellular structures, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to mechanical instability of the skin. The formation of reduced proteins or decrease in their level leads mainly to functional disorders, forming mild or intermediate severe phenotypes. Absent protein expression is a result of null genetic variants and leads to structural abnormalities, causing a severe clinical phenotype. For most of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of EB, certain relationships have been established between the type and position of genetic variant and the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Establishing an accurate diagnosis depends on the correlation of clinical, genealogical and immunohistological data in combination with molecular genetic testing. In general, the study of clinical, genetic and ultrastructural changes in EB has significantly expanded the understanding of the natural history of the disease and supplemented the data on genotype-phenotype correlations, promotes the search and study of epigenetic and non-genetic disease modifier factors, and also allows developing approaches to radical treatment of the disease. New advances of sequencing technologies have made it possible to describe new phenotypes and study their genetic and molecular mechanisms. This article describes the pathogenetic aspects and genes that cause main and rare syndromic subtypes of EB.

[7] Investigating the role of NPR1 in dilated cardiomyopathy and its potential as a therapeutic target for glucocorticoid therapy

• Authors: Yaomeng Huang, Tongxin Li, Shichao Gao, Shuyu Li, Xiaoran Zhu et al.
• Year: 2023
• Venue: Frontiers in Pharmacology
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/be229f6f2059faab4c97ec0a04bd055adab9dfe1
• DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290253
• PMID: 38026943
• PMCID: 10662320
• Citations: 3
• Summary: Natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (NPR1) was identified as a core gene associated with DCM through bioinformatics analysis and led to substantial improvements in cardiac and renal function, accompanied by an upregulation of NPR1 expression.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.365) > Multiple pathways and molecules are involved in this process; however, the detailed underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing and gene chip technologies, the use of bioinformatics technology to explore the occurrence, development, and prognosis of diseases has become a hot topic for scholars worldwide (Hwang et al., 2018;Nayor et al., 2019;Rinschen et al., 2019;Sturm et al., 2019;Montaner et al., 2020). > The present study aimed to use bioinformatics technology to screen for DCM-related genes and investigate their mechanisms, with the purpose of revealing the pathogenesis of DCM and seeking treatment methods. The GSE3586 dataset, containing expression profiles related to DCM, was selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This study aimed to predict the core genes that may play crucial roles in disease progression at the molecular level through the enrichment of relevant molecular pathways associated with DCM. Furthermore, the phenotype of the core genes was validated to further support the results of the bioinformatics analysis through basic and clinical experiments. Additionally, the role of glucocorticoids in DCM treatment is discussed in this article with the purpose of providing a theoretical and experimental basis for exploring the pathogenesis of DCM and elucidating therapeutic methods. This study also provides a theoretical reference for the interpretation, early diagnosis, and treatment of DCM.

[8] Modeling psychiatric disorders: from genomic findings to cellular phenotypes

• Authors: Anna Falk, Vivi M. Heine, A. Harwood, Patrick F. Sullivan, M. Peitz et al.
• Year: 2016
• Venue: Molecular Psychiatry
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/235b41240d78140de7ab06a3ad8a7d0b1bdff1a5
• DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.89
• PMID: 27240529
• PMCID: 4995546
• Citations: 77
• Influential citations: 2
• Summary: The challenges for modeling of psychiatric disorders, potential solutions and how iPSC technology can be used to develop an analytical framework for the evaluation and therapeutic manipulation of fundamental disease processes are critically reviewed.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.363) > The key challenge for iPSC-based disease modeling is to identify one or more relevant cellular phenotypes that accurately represent the disease pathophysiology. Increasing numbers of reports have demonstrated that for many diseases specific pathophysiology can be captured in human iPSC-based disease models. These range from cardiovascular disease, 44,45 cancer, 46,47 ocular disease, 48,49 diabetes mellitus 50,51 and neurological disorders of the brain. 52,53 Can the same approach be applied to complex psychiatric disorders? > The problem is that almost all psychiatric disorders are characterized by clinical signs and symptoms, but lack independent verification from objective biomarkers. Thus, how might these clinical phenotypes manifest themselves in terms of cell behavior? The identity of robust cellular 'readouts', which typify any psychiatric disorder, is a crucial unsolved problem and an area of intense study 54 (Table 2). When satisfactorily answered, this will herald a new degree of biological objectivity and quantification for the study of psychiatric disorders. > The aim is to find a single or small number of cell phenotypes or parameters that strongly associate with psychiatric disorders, and establish a cellular profile characteristic of cells derived from the general patient population. Although a consensus set of cellular phenotypes for psychiatric disorder is yet to be established, we can define some of their desired characteristics. First, cellular phenotypes have to relate to the biological pathways identified by genetics. Second, although there are many risk genes in disparate biological pathways, at some level, phenotypes should converge onto a much smaller grouping. Third, phenotypes need to be quantifiable. Finally, to be useful for drug development cellular phenotypes should be reversed by pharmacological treatment, although not necessarily by drugs in current use. > Although human iPSC-based approaches underrepresent the complexity of the human central nervous system, cellular phenotypes are likely to lie more proximal to molecular disease mechanisms than phenotypes seen at the level of a tissue or organism, 55 and thus may bypass compensatory homeostatic (2) Gene expression profiles of SCZ human iPSC neurons identified altered expression of many components of the cyclic AMP and WNT signaling pathways. > (3

[9] Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care

• Authors: H. Breiteneder, Z. Diamant, T. Eiwegger, W. Fokkens, C. Traidl‐Hoffmann et al.
• Year: 2019
• Venue: Allergy
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e19b0755c4f4903f68377333676edebf9bd73c89
• DOI: 10.1111/all.13851
• PMID: 31056763
• PMCID: 6973012
• Citations: 90
• Influential citations: 3
• Summary: Recent developments in research and patient care and future trends in the discipline are reviewed and topics on food allergy, biologics, small molecules, and novel therapeutic concepts in allergen‐specific immunotherapy for airway disease are highlighted.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.362) > The past decades have witnessed extensive progress in unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune regulation in asthma, allergic diseases, organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, tumor biology, and chronic infections. 1,2 Consequently, a better understanding of the functions, the reciprocal regulation, and the counterbalance of subsets of immune and inflammatory cells but also structural cells-for example, epithelial and vascular cells, airway smooth muscle cells, neuroendocrine system-that interact via various intercellular messengers will indicate avenues for immune interventions and novel treatment modalities of allergic diseases and immunological disorders. It is generally expected that drug development in the next decades will show a significant shift from chemicals to biologicals. > After more than 20 years without any breakthrough drug becoming available for patients, several disciplines including allergology are now experiencing extraordinary times with the recent licensing of several major biological drugs and novel allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) vaccines. Several biological modifiers of the immune response targeting intracellular messengers or their receptors have been developed to date. [3][4][5][6][7][8] In addition, a number of promising small molecule drugs and vaccines are in the development pipeline. [9][10][11] This new era is now calling for the development of biomarkers and phenoand endotyping of diseases for customized patient care, which is termed stratified medicine, precision medicine, or personalized medicine. 4 Distinguishing phenotypes of a complex disease covers the observable clinically relevant properties of the disease but does not show a direct relationship to disease etiology and pathophysiology. In a complex condition, such as asthma, different pathogenetic mechanisms can induce similar clinical manifestations; however, they may require different treatment approaches. 12,13 These pathophysiological mechanisms underlying disease subgroups are addressed by the term "endotype." [12][13][14] Classification of complex diseases based on the concept of endotypes provides advantages for epidemiological, genetic, and drug-related studies. Accurate endotyping by using reliable biomarkers reflects the natural history of the disease and aims to predict the response to (targeted) treatments. 15 Recent studies have focused on better understanding

[10] Precision Therapeutics in Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome: Targeting Molecular Pathophysiology in a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy

• Authors: Debopam Samanta
• Year: 2025
• Venue: Children
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/455479c1bfbea7b90b73c109228f67c813d13888
• DOI: 10.3390/children12040481
• PMID: 40310132
• PMCID: 12025602
• Citations: 19
• Influential citations: 1
• Summary: A narrative review explores precision therapeutic strategies for LGS based on molecular pathophysiology, including channelopathies, receptor and ligand dysfunction, receptor and ligand dysfunction, cell signaling abnormalities, cell signaling abnormalities, synaptopathies, and the repurposing of existing medications with mechanism-specific effects.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.362) > A key advantage of disease-modifying therapies is their potential to target pathogenic mechanisms early in the disease course, potentially preventing the progression of some infantile epileptic encephalopathies to LGS. > This narrative review explores precision therapeutic strategies based on specific monogenic causes and disease mechanisms relevant to LGS. A comprehensive literature search (PubMed, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, conference abstracts from the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society, and gray literature) was conducted through 19 February 2025 to identify established ASMs, repurposed and novel drugs, as well as various gene therapy approaches with potential relevance to LGS. Given that over 900 monogenic causes of DEEs have been identified-implicating diverse cellular components such as ion channels, receptors, synaptic proteins, signaling pathways, metabolic processes, and epigenetic regulators-this review discusses current and emerging precision therapeutics based on shared molecular mechanisms and the pathophysiology of select genes associated with LGS [17] (Table 1).

[11] Role of Transcriptomics in Precision Oncology

• Authors: Ruby Srivastava
• Year: 2024
• Venue: Reports of Radiotherapy and Oncology
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0bd862558bbb7286336111d9dfd232b5f905d3d9
• DOI: 10.5812/rro-142195
• Citations: 4
• Summary: : Transcriptome profiling is one of the most widely used approaches in the field of multiomics research. It plays a crucial role in the prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive treatment of cancer patients. Novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies permit the identification of cancer biomarkers, gene signatures, and their abnormal expression, affecting oncogenic and molecular targets and novel biomarkers for cancer therapies. Multiomics studies have changed the overall understanding o...
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.359) > : Transcriptome profiling is one of the most widely used approaches in the field of multiomics research. It plays a crucial role in the prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive treatment of cancer patients. Novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies permit the identification of cancer biomarkers, gene signatures, and their abnormal expression, affecting oncogenic and molecular targets and novel biomarkers for cancer therapies. Multiomics studies have changed the overall understanding of cancer and opened a precise perspective for tumor diagnostics and therapy. The use of these approaches has strengthened our understanding of disease pathophysiology and classifications at the molecular level, including specific interference with drug mechanisms of action. Still, it has limited added value in the clinical setting. The omics data on precision medicine include the application of data from genes, transcripts, and proteins for diagnosis, monitoring of diseases, risk factor determination, counseling, and development of novel therapeutics. Bioinformatics applications have expanded statistics-based analysis toward deriving molecular pathways and process models for characterizing phenotypes and drug action mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss transcriptomics and interference analysis that allows the identification of predictive biomarkers at the molecular level to test drug response and analyze the molecular process interface of disease progression-relevant pathophysiology and mechanism of action to propose predictive biomarkers.

[12] Towards Mutation-Specific Precision Medicine in Atypical Clinical Phenotypes of Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes

• Authors: T. Nakajima, S. Tamura, M. Kurabayashi, Y. Kaneko
• Year: 2021
• Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3d299f57f344d42eff9d3565d1581dae7fb87a54
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083930
• PMID: 33920294
• PMCID: 8069124
• Citations: 6
• Influential citations: 1
• Summary: Since the epileptic phenotype appears to manifest prior to cardiac events in this mutation carrier, identifying KCND3 mutations in patients with epilepsy and providing optimal therapy will help prevent sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.359) > Recent advances in molecular genetics have identified many causal genes for inherited arrhythmia syndromes (IASs) such as long QT syndrome (LQTS) [1], short QT syndrome (SQTS) [2], Brugada syndrome (BrS) [3,4] and early repolarization (ER) syndrome (ERS) [3,5]. Most causal genes for IASs encode cardiac ion channels or their related proteins. Genotype-phenotype studies and functional analyses of mutant genes, using heterologous expression systems and experimental animal models, have revealed the pathophysiology of IASs and enabled the establishment of causal gene-specific precision medicine [6][7][8]. Furthermore, analyses of patient-specific and/or genome-edited induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have provided further insights into the pathophysiology of IASs and novel promising therapeutic strategies for IASs, although there are still some limitations of using iPSC-CMs, such as immature structure and function and mixed population of atrial, ventricular, and nodal cells, as a standard technology [9]. > The altered function of causal genes that encode cardiac ion channels is caused by multiple mechanisms, including trafficking defects, producing non-functional channels, altered channel gating properties, and a combination thereof. These altered functions of mutant channels underly the clinical phenotypes of IASs [10][11][12]. Particularly, unique electrophysiological properties of mutant channels have been shown to be associated with the atypical clinical phenotypes of IASs [10,13]. Furthermore, the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the atypical clinical phenotypes of IASs has raised the possibility of mutation-specific precision medicine. > We herein review the current knowledge of genotype-phenotype relationships, underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, and established pharmacological therapies of IASs, including LQTS, SQTS, and J wave syndrome (BrS and ERS).

[13] Transcriptional profiling of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria patients identifies primary target pathways of progerin

• Authors: Sandra Vidak, Sohyoung Kim, Tom Misteli
• Year: 2026
• Venue: Nucleus
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4bd99b0875508364d8672b6da5a50d024d485a53
• DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2025.2611484
• PMID: 41489464
• PMCID: 12773485
• Summary: To probe the clinical relevance of previously implicated cellular pathways and to address the extent of gene expression heterogeneity between patients, transcriptomic analysis of a comprehensive set of HGPS patients finds misexpression of several cellular pathways, including multiple signaling pathways, the UPR and mesodermal cell fate specification.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.359) > Oxidative stress represents another key pathogenic mechanism in HGPS, as impaired NRF2 activity or increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are sufficient to recapitulate HGPSassociated phenotypes [17,32,60]. Collectively, these findings underscore the multifactorial nature of HGPS pathogenesis, implicating interconnected signaling cascades involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, proteostasis, and vascular remodeling. Reassuringly, our findings indicate that many of the major pathways that have been described to contribute to HGPS phenotypes in mouse and cellular disease models are also misregulated in progeria patients, and targeting these pathways may provide therapeutic avenues to mitigate disease severity and improve outcomes in HGPS. > Although individuals with HGPS typically exhibit a characteristic set of clinical features, such as craniofacial abnormalities, growth retardation, and cardiovascular complications, there is notable variability in the age of onset, severity, and progression of symptoms between patients [7,9]. At the cellular level, HGPS is associated with several hallmark abnormalities, including nuclear envelope defects, decreased expression of several nuclear proteins and epigenetic marks, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased cellular senescence [1,11,30,31,61]. These cellular phenotypes also exhibit considerable variation between patients, possibly contributing to differences in clinical outcomes. Our results indicate that even though some degree of transcriptional heterogeneity between the individual patients exists, the majority of patients exhibit misregulation of a set of shared pathways, suggesting that these pathways are universal driver mechanisms in HGPS. Further work is needed to understand the molecular and genetic factors that underlie inter-individual variability in disease expression and progression. > A limitation of pathway analysis of HGPS patient samples is to distinguish the pathways which are directly targeted by the disease-causing progerin protein and the emergence of adaptive secondary response pathways during progression of the disease in patients during their lifetime. The same caveat applies to the use of cell-based models used in the study of HGPS disease mechanisms.

[14] Aberrant NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Ignites the Fire of Inflammation in Neuromuscular Diseases

• Authors: Christine Péladeau, J. Sandhu
• Year: 2021
• Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/763a36db080236fca8cde89b2afcdf056f3584d0
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116068
• PMID: 34199845
• PMCID: 8200055
• Citations: 18
• Influential citations: 1
• Summary: Whether therapeutic targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome components is a viable approach to alleviating the detrimental phenotype of neuromuscular diseases and improving clinical outcomes is examined.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.356) > Despite a large number of mechanisms that have been identified in muscle degeneration and nerve cell loss, none have proven to be the primary cause of the disease. There is much need for a deeper understanding of the biology of the pathogeneses and the molecular mechanisms that are activated early in the diseases in order to identify "druggable" targets and disease-modifying treatments for these devastating diseases. > Human iPSC technologies are emerging as useful platforms for disease modeling to study pathogenic mechanisms and discover novel therapeutics for neuromuscular diseases [211,237]. Indeed, patient-derived iPSCs are being used to create a "patient-in-adish" disease model to derive relevant cell types for testing potential therapeutics, paving the way towards personalized medicine. This approach allows drug screening in a dish prior to administration to patients and "bench-to-bedside" translation of potential therapies. Additionally, iPSCs may also be used to stratify patients with various phenotypes and guide future clinical trials for bringing improved therapies to patients. Since multiple cell types are involved in disease pathogenesis, future research efforts need to be focused on deciphering "disease-specific signatures" at single-cell resolution, and not only in neuronal cells but also in non-neuronal cells. The application of modern technologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, to neuromuscular diseases, will allow to ascertain cellular vulnerability and cell-specific mechanisms during various stages of disease progression. > The vital roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neuromuscular diseases such as DMD, LGMD and ALS, reveal that targeting this pathway is indeed a promising therapeutic strategy. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in muscle tissues by muscle damage, membrane instability, extracellular ATP and Ca 2+ ions or signals from infiltrating immune cells, clearly impacts the progression of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, modulation of these pathways involved with activation and assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome could be truly beneficial.

[15] 18O-assisted dynamic metabolomics for individualized diagnostics and treatment of human diseases

• Authors: E. Nemutlu, Song Zhang, N. Juranic, A. Terzic, S. Macura et al.
• Year: 2012
• Venue: Croatian Medical Journal
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/880f053c7f060db4b990e447d0a22c4b69372ddb
• DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.529
• PMID: 23275318
• PMCID: 3541579
• Citations: 28
• Summary: The potential use of dynamic phosphometabolomic platform for disease diagnostics currently under development at Mayo Clinic is described and discussed briefly.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.354) > Living cells represent an integrated and interacting network of genes, transcripts, proteins, small signaling molecules, and metabolites that define cellular phenotype and function. Traditionally the focus of biomedical research was on individual genes, single protein targets, single metabolites, and metabolic or signaling pathways. This "molecular reductionist" paradigm was based on the assumption that identifying genetic variations and molecular components would lead to discovery of cures for human diseases. However, most of diseases are complex and multi-factorial and the disease phenotype is determined by the alterations of multiple genes, pathways, proteins and metabolites (at cellular, tissue, and organismal levels). Therefore, an integrated "omics" approach is more viable direction for uncovering alterations in metabolic networks, disease mechanisms, and mechanisms of drug effects. > Recent advent of large-scale metabolomics and fluxomic (metabolite dynamics and metabolic flux analysis) completed the "omics revolution" (Figure 1), where genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and fluxomics all together complement phenotype determination of living organism. Such integrated "omics" cascades provide a framework for advances in system and network biology, integrative physiology, and system medicine as well as system pharmacology and regenerative medicine. Noteworthy is the "reverse omic" approach or "metabolomicsinformed pharmacogenomics, " where discovery of specific metabolite changes have led to discovery of genetic alterations (2). Therefore, bringing new "omics" technologies to clinical practice will improve disease diagnostics and treatment by targeting drugs and procedures for each unique transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles.

[16] Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I and α-Mannosidosis—Phenotypically Comparable but Genetically Different: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations

• Authors: Marika Venezia, Martina Vinci, P. Colomba, C. Zizzo, Giovanni Duro et al.
• Year: 2025
• Venue: Biomedicines
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/86e1374e2f6804658c4f40460f685cb1f3c02ba1
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13051199
• PMID: 40427026
• PMCID: 12108828
• Citations: 1
• Summary: Genotype–phenotype correlations, diagnostic difficulties, and the applicability of artificial intelligence for the assistance of differential diagnosis are reviewed, with the goal of facilitating the earlier and more accurate diagnosis of these rare lysosomal storage diseases.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.353) > These mechanisms are particularly relevant in explaining the clinical heterogeneity of monogenic disorders, such as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), which exhibit marked phenotypic variability and often weak genotype-phenotype correlations. The review by Hassan is a notable example, exploring the main epigenetic mechanisms and their role in phenotypic variability and therapeutic prospects, with a focus on three representative LSDs-Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, and Niemann-Pick type C-to encourage interest in epigenetics as a key to interpreting the biological complexity of these rare disorders [32]. > The identification of specific miRNA signatures in different individuals presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of MPS or alpha-mannosidosis could contribute to future research aimed at understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Circulating extracellular miRNAs, found in the bloodstream within exosomes or in complexes with proteins and lipoproteins, could serve as unique signatures associated with diagnosis. According to Nasrin Khan et al., the capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) method enables a multiplex and direct analysis of miRNAs from biological samples [33]. In particular, with regard to the response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), it has been observed that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate post-treatment. In the context of therapeutic interventions, the prevailing recommendation is to identify the epigenetic mechanisms that influence both diseases. This identification process is intended to facilitate the development of specific treatments that have the potential to enhance the efficacy of ERT [26]. Studies on epigenetics would be of paramount importance with regard to disease progression and therapy, as it is believed to have influences not only on disease progression but also on response to treatment.

[17] Therapies for Mitochondrial Disease: Past, Present, and Future

• Authors: Megan Ball, Nicole J. Van Bergen, A. Compton, David R Thorburn, S. Rahman et al.
• Year: 2025
• Venue: Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/196ee50a950f29bc4134cfb8fe6bdfa9a3a1468b
• DOI: 10.1002/jimd.70065
• PMID: 40714961
• PMCID: 12301291
• Citations: 3
• Summary: The latest developments in the pursuit to identify effective treatments for mitochondrial disease are examined and the barriers impeding their success in translation to clinical practice are discussed.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.352) > Mitochondrial disease is a diverse group of clinically and genetically complex disorders caused by pathogenic variants in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA‐encoded genes that disrupt mitochondrial energy production or other important mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial disease can present with a wide spectrum of clinical features and can often be difficult to recognize. These conditions can be devastating; however, for the majority, there is no targeted treatment. In the last 60 years, mitochondrial medicine has experienced significant evolution, moving from the pre‐molecular era to the Age of Genomics in which considerable gene discovery and advancement in our understanding of the pathophysiology of mitochondrial disease have been made. In the last decade, in response to the urgent need for effective treatments, a wide range of emerging therapies have been developed, driven by innovative approaches addressing both the genetic and cellular mechanisms underpinning the diseases. Emerging therapies include dietary intervention, small molecule therapies aimed to restore mitochondrial function, stem cell or liver transplantation, and gene or RNA‐based therapies. However, despite these advances, translation to clinical practice is complicated by the sheer genetic and clinical complexity of mitochondrial disease, difficulty in efficient and precise delivery of therapies to affected tissues, rarity of individual genetic conditions, lack of reliable biomarkers and clinically relevant outcome measures, and the dearth of natural history data. This review examines the latest developments in the pursuit to identify effective treatments for mitochondrial disease and discusses the barriers impeding their success in translation to clinical practice. While treatment for mitochondrial disease may be on the horizon, many challenges must be addressed before it can become a reality.

[18] Human Dermal Fibroblast: A Promising Cellular Model to Study Biological Mechanisms of Major Depression and Antidepressant Drug Response

• Authors: P. Mesdom, R. Colle, É. Lebigot, S. Trabado, Eric Deflesselle et al.
• Year: 2020
• Venue: Current Neuropharmacology
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79368e365458486de96794333613c12a6063bf54
• DOI: 10.2174/1570159X17666191021141057
• PMID: 31631822
• PMCID: 7327943
• Citations: 12
• Summary: This review highlights the great and still underused potential of HDF, which stands out as a very promising tool in the understanding of MDD and AD mechanisms of action.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.351) > Background: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) can be used as a cellular model relatively easily and without genetic engineering. Therefore, HDF represent an interesting tool to study several human diseases including psychiatric disorders. Despite major depressive disorder (MDD) being the second cause of disability in the world, the efficacy of antidepressant drug (AD) treatment is not sufficient and the underlying mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms of action of AD are poorly understood. Objective The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of HDF in the study of cellular mechanisms involved in MDD pathophysiology and in the action of AD response. Methods The first part is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines on the use of HDF in MDD research. The second part reports the mechanisms and molecules both present in HDF and relevant regarding MDD pathophysiology and AD mechanisms of action. Results HDFs from MDD patients have been investigated in a relatively small number of works and most of them focused on the adrenergic pathway and metabolism-related gene expression as compared to HDF from healthy controls. The second part listed an important number of papers demonstrating the presence of many molecular processes in HDF, involved in MDD and AD mechanisms of action. Conclusion The imbalance in the number of papers between the two parts highlights the great and still underused potential of HDF, which stands out as a very promising tool in our understanding of MDD and AD mechanisms of action

[19] Cellular reprogramming and inherited peripheral neuropathies: perspectives and challenges

• Authors: M. Saporta
• Year: 2015
• Venue: Neural Regeneration Research
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c3dabb1b4abf93506e2026564b8a329c0ec37c6
• DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158345
• PMID: 26199602
• PMCID: 4498347
• Citations: 4
• Summary: iPSC-based models of neuromuscular disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and inherited peripheral neuropathies, have successfully reproduced pathophysiological findings from previous animal and cellular models and have also identified new disease mechanisms with potential therapeutical implications.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.349) > Inherited peripheral neuropathies (or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, CMT) are a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, which are currently untreatable. They are the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder, affecting around 1 in every 2,500 people (over 120,000 people in the US). Based on clinical neurophysiological and histopathological features, inherited neuropathies can be divided into two major forms: demyelinating (type 1) and axonal (type 2) CMT (Saporta, 2014). From a biological standpoint, these two major forms of CMT are associated with mutations in different sets of genes, affecting Schwann cell development and myelination (type 1) or peripheral axon physiology (type 2), although some overlap does exist (Figure 1). To date, over 70 genes have been associated with a CMT phenotype, making CMT an attractive natural model to study peripheral nervous system biology. Despite significant advances made in our knowledge of disease mechanisms in CMT, findings from animal models have so far translated poorly in clinical trials, underscoring the need for innovative methods to investigate the pathophysiology of these human disorders. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unlimited source of patient specific, disease-relevant cell lines that can be used as a platform for identification of disease mechanisms, discovery of molecular targets and development of phenotypic screens for drug discovery (Saporta et al., 2011). iPSC-based models of neuromuscular disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and inherited peripheral neuropathies, have successfully reproduced pathophysiological findings from previous animal and cellular models and have also identified new disease mechanisms with potential therapeutical implications.

[20] An overview on cardiac involvement in Inborn Errors of Metabolism: from clinical clues to nutritional management strategies

• Authors: C. Montanari, V. Tagi, Martina Tosi, Eliana Stucchi, Eleonora Pisano et al.
• Year: 2025
• Venue: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
• URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53edcd65284033a78e81633fbeb8012f21599561
• DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1648010
• PMID: 41425985
• PMCID: 12711851
• Summary: This review examines nutritional strategies for managing patients affected by IEMs with cardiac involvement, providing clinicians with research-backed guidance to support cardiological care, since specific nutritional strategies have shown promise in reversing or improving cardiac function in specific IEMs.
• Evidence snippets:
• Snippet 1 (score: 0.345) > Approximately 10% to 30% of the known causes of cardiomyopathy in childhood are attributable to IEMs (10, 130,131). In IEMs, cardiac manifestations can be indicative symptoms discovered during regular multisystem screening. While in disorders like MPS, heart manifestations may dominate the clinical presentation, in others, such as PD, they represent the sole clinical manifestation. Four fundamental mechanisms underlie the pathophysiology of cardiac involvement. First, cardiac symptoms can be linked to a reduction in energy production resulting from genetic mutations in proteins involved in energy homeostasis, molecular transport, or cellular organelles. Second, the intracellular accumulation of intermediates or storage substrates within cardiac myocytes can lead to structural and functional damage of the cardiac tissue. Third, the accumulation of intermediate metabolites may exert toxic effects on cardiac and surrounding tissues, for example, by triggering apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. Fourth, altered cellular functions such as signal transduction, depolarization, and cell adhesion, caused by the absence or alteration of glyconjugates, can compromise tissue integrity and cardiac function. It is important to note that pathogenetic mechanisms, summarized in Figure 3, may often overlap, particularly in later stages of the illness progression (33). In this review, we offered a comprehensive description of the cardiovascular diseases primarily associated with various types of IEMs, to guide cardiologists in the differential diagnosis (Figure 4). Moreover, the diagnosis of an underlying metabolic disorder should rely on the recognition of associated signs and symptoms characteristic of each specific disease. > IEMs have a wide phenotypic spectrum and may be characterized by a late onset or mild organ involvement, remaining misdiagnosed. Following the diagnosis of heart complications, the cardiologist should first conduct a detailed investigation of the patient's and family's medical history, including an assessment of consanguinity and/or the presence of rare inherited disorders. The patient's history should include age of onset of each clinically relevant symptom, the presence of associated pathological conditions and/or symptoms (hypoglycemia, myalgia, neurological issues or liver problems) and the result of neonatal screening.

Notes

• This provider combines search_papers_by_relevance with snippet_search.
• No synthesis or second-stage model call is performed.