| Domain | Measure | Value | Population/Context | Source (PMID/DOI) | Publication date | URL | Evidence type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epidemiology | Annual incidence, thymic carcinoma | US: 0.48 per million; Germany: 0.42 per million | Population-based registry analysis, 1999-2019 | DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308989 | 2024-01-09 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1308989 | Registry epidemiology (pqac-00000013) |
| Epidemiology | Sex ratio and mean age | Male:female ratio 1:1.09/1.03 (US/GER); mean age 59.48 ± 14.89 / 61.33 ± 13.94 years | Adults with thymic carcinoma/thymoma in US and Germany registries | DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308989 | 2024-01-09 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1308989 | Registry epidemiology (pqac-00000013) |
| Second malignancy risk | Cohort size | 1,130 thymic carcinoma patients; 73 developed second malignancies | SEER 2000-2018 | DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | 2024-01 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | Registry retrospective (pqac-00000012) |
| Second malignancy risk | Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) | 1.36 (95% CI 1.08-1.69) | Thymic carcinoma patients vs general population | DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | 2024-01 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | Registry retrospective (pqac-00000012) |
| Second malignancy risk | Age-adjusted incidence of second malignancies | 3058.48 per 100,000 persons | Thymic carcinoma patients in SEER | DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | 2024-01 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | Registry retrospective (pqac-00000012) |
| Second malignancy risk | Age at thymic carcinoma diagnosis | Mean 59.57 ± 13.72 years; median 61 years | Thymic carcinoma patients in SEER | DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | 2024-01 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05522-3 | Registry retrospective (pqac-00000012) |
| Real-world therapy | Carboplatin + paclitaxel (CP) use | Most frequent 1st-line regimen: 85.5% | 178 metastatic thymic carcinoma patients; National Cancer Center Hospital, 2006-2023 | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011, pqac-00000014) |
| Real-world therapy | CP efficacy | Median PFS 6.8 months; ORR 41.6%; liver metastasis response rate 40.9% | Metastatic thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011, pqac-00000014) |
| Real-world therapy | Lenvatinib efficacy | Median PFS 9.4 months | Metastatic thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011, pqac-00000014) |
| Real-world therapy | Lenvatinib special pattern | Reverse response in liver metastases: 20% | Only liver metastasis increased despite shrinkage elsewhere | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011, pqac-00000014) |
| Real-world therapy | S-1 use | Most frequent 2nd-line regimen: 58.3% | Metastatic thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011) |
| Real-world therapy | S-1 efficacy | Median PFS 4.5 months | Metastatic thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011) |
| Real-world therapy | S-1 special pattern | Reverse response in liver metastases: 3.4% | Only liver metastasis increased despite shrinkage elsewhere | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011) |
| Real-world therapy | Sunitinib use | Most frequent 3rd-line regimen: 28.4% | Metastatic thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011) |
| Real-world therapy | Sunitinib efficacy | Median PFS 3.4 months | Metastatic thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011) |
| Real-world therapy | Sunitinib special pattern | Reverse response in liver metastases: 8.3% | Only liver metastasis increased despite shrinkage elsewhere | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011) |
| Real-world therapy | Cohort characteristics | 78.1% stage IV; 85.4% squamous histology; 21.9% liver metastases | 178 metastatic thymic carcinoma patients | DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17376 | 2024-12 | https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17376 | Real-world retrospective (pqac-00000011, pqac-00000014) |
| Genomics | Common alterations in thymic carcinoma (FMI cohort) | CDKN2A 39.9%; TP53 30.2%; CDKN2B 24.6% | 794 TET samples overall; FMI real-world cohort | DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | 2023-09-12 (online) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | Real-world genomics (pqac-00000010, pqac-00000015) |
| Genomics | Common alterations in thymic carcinoma (C-CAT cohort) | CDKN2A 38.5%; TP53 36.5%; CDKN2B 30.8% | Japanese C-CAT cohort | DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | 2023-09-12 (online) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | Real-world genomics (pqac-00000010, pqac-00000015) |
| Genomics | TMB-high prevalence | 7.0% | Thymic carcinoma; threshold >=10 mutations/Mb | DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | 2023-09-12 (online) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | Real-world genomics (pqac-00000010, pqac-00000015) |
| Genomics | MSI prevalence | 2.3% | Thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | 2023-09-12 (online) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101627 | Real-world genomics (pqac-00000010, pqac-00000015) |
| Phase II therapy | Sunitinib ORR | 6/23 partial responses = 26% (90% CI 12.1-45.3; 95% CI 10.2-48.4) | Chemotherapy-refractory thymic carcinoma; assessable treated patients | DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71181-7 | 2015-02 | https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71181-7 | Phase II trial (pqac-00000022, pqac-00000028) |
| Phase II therapy | Sunitinib additional activity | 9/23 (39%) had tumor shrinkage of 10-30%; median time to response 5.6 months; median response duration 16.4 months | Chemotherapy-refractory thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71181-7 | 2015-02 | https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71181-7 | Phase II trial (pqac-00000022) |
| Phase II therapy | Sunitinib toxicity | Grade 3/4 lymphocytopenia 20%; fatigue 20%; oral mucositis 20%; LVEF decrease 13% overall, grade 3 in 8%; 1 possible treatment-related cardiac arrest death | 40 treated patients across thymoma + thymic carcinoma cohorts | DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71181-7 | 2015-02 | https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71181-7 | Phase II trial (pqac-00000028) |
| Phase II / retrospective therapy | S-1 ORR | 42.9% partial response (95% CI 21.4-67.4); DCR 85.7% (60.0-96.0%) | 14 consecutive refractory thymic carcinoma patients | DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2159-7 | 2016-02 | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2159-7 | Retrospective clinical study (pqac-00000029) |
| Phase II / retrospective therapy | S-1 survival outcomes | Median PFS 8.1 months (range 2.6-12.2); median OS 30.0 months (range 6.2-41.9) | Refractory thymic carcinoma | DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2159-7 | 2016-02 | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2159-7 | Retrospective clinical study (pqac-00000029) |


*Table: This table compiles recent high-value quantitative findings for thymic carcinoma across epidemiology, second malignancy risk, real-world treatment outcomes, genomics, and landmark therapeutic studies. It is designed as a compact evidence summary for rapid incorporation into a disease knowledge base.*