Minimal Urate Homeostasis Model

models/urate_homeostasis/

A single-compartment ODE model of serum urate as the balance of production (purine turnover processed by xanthine oxidase) and elimination (renal/gut fractional excretion plus uricase activity), authored for dismech-perturb (like the CKD-MBD Antimony component; not a BioModels deposit). Calibrated to a normal serum urate of ~5 mg/dL with the monosodium-urate solubility limit (~6.8 mg/dL) as the hyperuricemia threshold. Reducing fractional excretion reproduces underexcretion hyperuricemia (>90% of primary cases); raising purine load reproduces overproduction. Urate-lowering therapies act on distinct nodes: xanthine-oxidase inhibitors reduce production, uricosurics raise excretion, and recombinant uricase adds direct urate degradation.

Runs through dismech-perturb kinetic

Where this model is curated

The entry card says what the model is for: which mechanism nodes it links to, how faithfully, and what it found. This page holds the model itself.

Committed run

From exports/model_runs/urate_homeostasis.json, regenerated by just gen-model-results. Scenario roots link to the mechanism node they drive on the entry page.

Simulation results — 13 scenarios run with dismech-perturb (tellurium / libRoadRunner CVODE) over 500 h; baseline f_exc = 1.0
Scenario Serum_Urate (mg/dL) Activated phenotypes
Healthy baseline
f_exc = 1.0
4.995005 reference
Underexcretion hyperuricemia (f_exc=0.5)
drives Hyperuricemia
9.98004
2.00× baseline
Hyperuricemia · moderate
Severe underexcretion (f_exc=0.35)
drives Hyperuricemia
14.245014
2.85× baseline
Hyperuricemia · severe
Urate overproduction (purine load)
drives Hyperuricemia
12.487512
2.50× baseline
Hyperuricemia · severe
HPRT1 loss-of-function (overproduction; Lesch-Nyhan)
drives Hyperuricemia
12.487512
2.50× baseline
Hyperuricemia · severe
PRPS1 superactivity (overproduction)
drives Hyperuricemia
12.487512
2.50× baseline
Hyperuricemia · severe
ABCG2 loss-of-function (reduced excretion)
drives Hyperuricemia
9.98004
2.00× baseline
Hyperuricemia · moderate
SLC2A9/GLUT9 loss-of-function (renal hypouricemia; protective)
drives Hyperuricemia
1.666111
0.33× baseline
Hypouricemia · moderate
SLC22A12/URAT1 loss-of-function (renal hypouricemia; protective)
drives Hyperuricemia
1.9992
0.40× baseline
Hypouricemia · mild
Allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor)
drives Hyperuricemia
3.493014
0.70× baseline
none
Febuxostat (potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor)
drives Hyperuricemia
2.49501
0.50× baseline
Hypouricemia · mild
Probenecid (uricosuric; increases excretion)
drives Hyperuricemia
5.54939
1.11× baseline
none
Pegloticase (recombinant uricase; direct urate degradation)
drives Hyperuricemia
3.846154
0.77× baseline
none
Allopurinol + probenecid (dual production + excretion)
drives Hyperuricemia
3.121099
0.62× baseline
none
Derived artifact, regenerated by just gen-model-results — not curated evidence. Values rounded to 6 decimals. Config fc50e6794cdd, model.xml a3eb6748f4bd. Phenotypes activate per the curated variable thresholds.

Phenotype thresholds

PhenotypeVariableDirectionThresholdReading
Hyperuricemia Serum_Urate above 6.8 absolute
Hypouricemia Serum_Urate below 0.5 ratio of baseline

Gene effects

How config.yaml turns a gene perturbation into a model parameter change: the multiplier applied for a loss- or gain-of-function.

GeneParameterEffectRationale
HPRT1 P LoF ×2.5 HPRT1 (HGPRT) salvages hypoxanthine/guanine; loss-of-function (Lesch-Nyhan / Kelley-Seegmiller) diverts PRPP to de novo purine synthesis, causing urate overproduction. Modeled as increased purine load P.
PRPS1 P GoF ×2.5 PRPS1 superactivity (gain-of-function) increases PRPP availability and drives purine overproduction and hyperuricemia. Modeled as increased P.
ABCG2 f_exc LoF ×0.5 ABCG2 is an apical efflux pump mediating renal and extra-renal urate secretion; the common Q141K loss-of-function variant reduces urate excretion and raises gout risk. Modeled as reduced fractional excretion.
SLC2A9 f_exc LoF ×3.0 SLC2A9 (GLUT9) reabsorbs urate at the basolateral membrane; loss-of- function causes renal hypouricemia by increasing urate excretion (protective). Modeled as increased fractional excretion.
SLC22A12 f_exc LoF ×2.5 SLC22A12 (URAT1) reabsorbs urate at the apical membrane and is the target of uricosurics; loss-of-function causes renal hypouricemia. Modeled as increased fractional excretion.

Run it locally

uv run python -m dismech.perturb kb/disorders/Gout.yaml --alljust gen-model-results --id urate_homeostasis

Files