{
  "retrieval_date": "2026-09-20",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "CL:0000057",
      "label": "fibroblast",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000057",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0000057",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0000499",
          "label": "stromal cell"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000499",
        "CL:0002320",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000057/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative.",
        "A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CL:0002620",
      "label": "skin fibroblast",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002620",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0002620",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0000057",
          "label": "fibroblast"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000057",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000499",
        "CL:0002320",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0002620/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A fibroblast of skin.",
        "Skin fibroblasts specialized cells found in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin, where they play critical roles in maintaining skin health and functionality. Characterized by an elongated, spindle-like shape, skin fibroblasts are the principal active cells in the connective tissue of the skin. The primary function of skin fibroblasts is the maintenance and regeneration of the extracellular matrix, which provides structural and nutritional support for other skin cells, particularly keratinocytes and epithelial cells. These cells contribute to the production of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans - key proteins that maintain the elasticity, strength, and resilience of the skin. Through this function, skin fibroblasts help prevent skin aging and maintain tissue integrity, contributing to the skin's overall health and appearance.\nIn addition, skin fibroblasts are implicated in the skin's wound healing process. Following injury, fibroblasts migrate to the wound site where they start proliferating and laying down new connective tissue. They play a vital role in the repair, regeneration, and healing of the skin; in the final stages of wound healing, skin fibroblasts help contract the healing tissue to minimize scar formation. Furthermore, recent research highlights their role in the immune response, with some studies indicating that skin fibroblasts can react to, and have a role in dealing with, pathogen invasion.\n\n(This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CL:0000138",
      "label": "chondrocyte",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000138",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0000138",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0000153",
          "label": "glycosaminoglycan secreting cell"
        },
        {
          "id": "CL:0000667",
          "label": "collagen secreting cell"
        },
        {
          "id": "CL:0007001",
          "label": "skeletogenic cell"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000151",
        "CL:0000153",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000327",
        "CL:0000447",
        "CL:0000499",
        "CL:0000667",
        "CL:0002320",
        "CL:0007001",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000138/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A skeletogenic cell that secretes a specialized, avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.",
        "Chondrocytes are specialized cells derived from the mesenchyme. They are the only cells found in healthy cartilage, and their primary function is the synthesis and maintenance of the extracellular matrix of cartilaginous tissues. They synthesize various molecules essential for biomechanical function, including collagen types II, IX, and XI, link proteins, and proteoglycans like aggrecan and decorin. Beyond structural integrity, chondrocytes also contribute significantly to the homeostasis of articular cartilage in joints.\nThe chondrocyte lifecycle involves proliferation, maturation, and hypertrophy, catering to growing, mature, and aging cartilage. Despite their typically low metabolic activity, conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can induce chondrocyte proliferation, leading to increased matrix production and the development of musculoskeletal issues. The unique extracellular matrix, rich in aggrecan, provides compression resistance, crucial for cartilage function in the musculoskeletal system.\n\n(This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CL:0002063",
      "label": "pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002063",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0002063",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0000322",
          "label": "pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell"
        },
        {
          "id": "CL:0020029",
          "label": "cuboidal epithelial cell"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000066",
        "CL:0000075",
        "CL:0000082",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000322",
        "CL:0002076",
        "CL:0002368",
        "CL:0002632",
        "CL:0020029",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0002063/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants via specialized organelles called alveolar lamellar bodies. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell. This cuboidal cell is thicker than squamous alveolar cells, has a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of the surrounding epithelium, and its free surface is covered by short microvilli.",
        "The marker set SFTPA1 can identify the Human cell type pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell in the lung with a confidence of 0.95 (NS-Forest FBeta value)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CL:0000623",
      "label": "natural killer cell",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000623",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0000623",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0001067",
          "label": "group 1 innate lymphoid cell"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000219",
        "CL:0000226",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000542",
        "CL:0000738",
        "CL:0000842",
        "CL:0000988",
        "CL:0001065",
        "CL:0001067",
        "CL:0002242",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000623/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CL:0000624",
      "label": "CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000624",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0000624",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0000791",
          "label": "mature alpha-beta T cell"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000084",
        "CL:0000219",
        "CL:0000226",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000542",
        "CL:0000738",
        "CL:0000789",
        "CL:0000791",
        "CL:0000842",
        "CL:0000988",
        "CL:0002242",
        "CL:0002419",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000624/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A mature alpha-beta T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CL:0000625",
      "label": "CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000625",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0000625",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0000791",
          "label": "mature alpha-beta T cell"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000084",
        "CL:0000219",
        "CL:0000226",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000542",
        "CL:0000738",
        "CL:0000789",
        "CL:0000791",
        "CL:0000842",
        "CL:0000988",
        "CL:0002242",
        "CL:0002419",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000625/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor.",
        "CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells, also referred to as CD8+ T cells, are integral components of the body's adaptive immune system. They are characterized by the presence of the CD8 glycoprotein on their cell surface and the alpha and beta chains in their T cell receptors (TCRs). CD8+ T cells primarily function as cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), their specialized role in the immune response being to detect and eliminate cells presenting foreign or abnormal antigens on their surfaces.\nNa\u00efve CD8+ T cells patrol the central lymphoid organs, checking peptide\u2013 MHC class I molecule complexes for the presence of their cognate antigen on antigen-presenting cells. Recognition of the foreign antigen by the TCR and interaction with MHC class I molecules triggers a series of events leading to the activation of the CD8+ T cell. Once activated, the CD8+ T cell divides, matures, and differentiates into effector T cells capable of destroying the target cells. This cytotoxic function is carried out by the release of substances like perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in the target cells.\nIn addition to their cytotoxic function, CD8+ T cells are known to release various cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1). These are potent mediators of the immune response and have roles in shaping the immune response and the inflammatory reaction. \nFollowing the resolution of an immune response, a small subset of activated CD8+ T cells persists as memory T cells, providing a quicker and more vigorous response upon subsequent encounters with the same antigen. These capabilities make CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells indispensable for the body's defense against infections and malignant transformations.\n\n(This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "CL:0000235",
      "label": "macrophage",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000235",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms?obo_id=CL%3A0000235",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "CL:0000113",
          "label": "mononuclear phagocyte"
        },
        {
          "id": "CL:0000145",
          "label": "professional antigen presenting cell"
        },
        {
          "id": "CL:0000766",
          "label": "myeloid leukocyte"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "CL:0000000",
        "CL:0000113",
        "CL:0000145",
        "CL:0000219",
        "CL:0000226",
        "CL:0000234",
        "CL:0000255",
        "CL:0000325",
        "CL:0000518",
        "CL:0000738",
        "CL:0000763",
        "CL:0000766",
        "CL:0000842",
        "CL:0000988",
        "CL:0002242",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/cl/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000235/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "Morphology: Diameter 30_M-80 _M, abundant cytoplasm, low N/C ratio, eccentric nucleus. Irregular shape with pseudopods, highly adhesive. Contain vacuoles and phagosomes, may contain azurophilic granules; markers: Mouse & Human: CD68, in most cases CD11b. Mouse: in most cases F4/80+; role or process: immune, antigen presentation, & tissue remodelling; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid.",
        "A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.",
        "Macrophages are specialized white blood cells involved in immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Tissue-resident macrophages can be self-renewing and arise from embryo-derived populations. Macrophages can also originate from circulating monocytes that differentiate into macrophages upon migration into body tissues. \nMacrophages are involved in the detection, phagocytosis, and destruction of bacteria and other pathogens. They are also responsible for engulfing and removing dead cells and debris. Macrophages are also one of the cells that present pathogenic antigens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized and killed, or so that an antibody response may be mounted. They can also secrete cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes that further orchestrate the immune response.\nTissue-resident macrophages are diverse and heterogenous, likely as a result of the signals received from the tissue environment. The functions of these macrophages are specific to each tissue and contribute to tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of macrophage functioning may also contribute to the development of various disease processes, such as fibrosis, chronic inflammation, or cancer.\n\n(This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0090398",
      "label": "cellular senescence",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090398",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0090398",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0009987",
          "label": "cellular process"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0090398/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0090399",
      "label": "replicative senescence",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090399",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0090399",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0022402",
          "label": "cell cycle process"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0022402"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0090399/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "The process by which normal somatic cells reach an irreversible stage of cell cycle arrest following multiple rounds of replication; this end stage is associated with marked changes in gene expression and function. This is a natural barrier to unlimited proliferation of somatic cells, and is believed to be controlled by telomere shortening."
      ],
      "description_normalization": "Corrected a spelling error in the source definition; the identifier, label, ancestry and meaning are unchanged."
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0090400",
      "label": "stress-induced premature senescence",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090400",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0090400",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0090398",
          "label": "cellular senescence"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0090398"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0090400/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0090402",
      "label": "oncogene-induced cell senescence",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090402",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0090402",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0090398",
          "label": "cellular senescence"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0090398"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0090402/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0090403",
      "label": "oxidative stress-induced premature senescence",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090403",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0090403",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0090400",
          "label": "stress-induced premature senescence"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0090398",
        "GO:0090400"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0090403/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0006974",
      "label": "DNA damage response",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006974",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0006974",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0033554",
          "label": "cellular response to stress"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0006950",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0033554",
        "GO:0050896",
        "GO:0051716"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0006974/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0001816",
      "label": "cytokine production",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001816",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0001816",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0010467",
          "label": "gene expression"
        },
        {
          "id": "GO:0032501",
          "label": "multicellular organismal process"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0008152",
        "GO:0009058",
        "GO:0009059",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0010467",
        "GO:0032501",
        "GO:0043170"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0001816/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms.",
        "The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0019221",
      "label": "cytokine-mediated signaling pathway",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019221",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0019221",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0007166",
          "label": "cell surface receptor signaling pathway"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0007165",
        "GO:0007166",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0050789",
        "GO:0050794",
        "GO:0065007"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0019221/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0042267",
      "label": "natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042267",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0042267",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0001909",
          "label": "leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity"
        },
        {
          "id": "GO:0002228",
          "label": "natural killer cell mediated immunity"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0001906",
        "GO:0001909",
        "GO:0002228",
        "GO:0002252",
        "GO:0002376",
        "GO:0002443",
        "GO:0002449",
        "GO:0006950",
        "GO:0006952",
        "GO:0006955",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009605",
        "GO:0009607",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0043207",
        "GO:0044419",
        "GO:0045087",
        "GO:0050896",
        "GO:0051707",
        "GO:0098542",
        "GO:0140546"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0042267/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "Note that either or both mechanisms mentioned in the definition may be used in this process. Note that both granule release and the engagement of death receptors on target cells result in induction of apoptosis in the target cell.",
        "The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0006911",
      "label": "phagocytosis, engulfment",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006911",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0006911",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0099024",
          "label": "plasma membrane invagination"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0010324",
        "GO:0016043",
        "GO:0061024",
        "GO:0071840",
        "GO:0099024"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0006911/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "GO:0006915",
      "label": "apoptotic process",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms?obo_id=GO%3A0006915",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "GO:0012501",
          "label": "programmed cell death"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000003",
        "BFO:0000015",
        "GO:0008150",
        "GO:0008219",
        "GO:0009987",
        "GO:0012501"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/go/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0006915/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "UBERON:0002097",
      "label": "skin of body",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/uberon/terms?obo_id=UBERON%3A0002097",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "UBERON:0000062",
          "label": "organ"
        },
        {
          "id": "UBERON:0010314",
          "label": "structure with developmental contribution from neural crest"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "BFO:0000001",
        "BFO:0000002",
        "BFO:0000004",
        "BFO:0000040",
        "UBERON:0000061",
        "UBERON:0000062",
        "UBERON:0000465",
        "UBERON:0001062",
        "UBERON:0010000",
        "UBERON:0010314"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/uberon/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FUBERON_0002097/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "NCIT:C107438",
      "label": "Beta-Galactosidase",
      "obsolete": false,
      "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C107438",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/ncit/terms?obo_id=NCIT%3AC107438",
      "parents": [
        {
          "id": "NCIT:C16701",
          "label": "Hydrolase"
        }
      ],
      "is_a_ancestors": [
        "NCIT:C16554",
        "NCIT:C16701",
        "NCIT:C17021",
        "NCIT:C20027",
        "NCIT:C26548"
      ],
      "ancestors_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/api/ontologies/ncit/terms/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FNCIT_C107438/ancestors?size=500",
      "service_descriptions": [
        "Beta-galactosidase (677 aa, ~76 kDa) is encoded by the human GLB1 gene. This protein plays a role in the hydrolysis of the terminal beta-galactose from ganglioside substrates."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "ontology_versions": {
    "cl": {
      "loaded": "2026-09-20T00:08:30.482223754",
      "updated": "2026-09-20T00:08:30.482223754",
      "status": "LOADED",
      "version": "2026-06-08"
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    "go": {
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      "status": "LOADED",
      "version": "2026-07-26"
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    "uberon": {
      "loaded": "2026-09-20T00:09:03.168745565",
      "updated": "2026-09-20T00:09:03.168745565",
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    "ncit": {
      "loaded": "2026-09-20T00:09:08.963028006",
      "updated": "2026-09-20T00:09:08.963028006",
      "status": "LOADED",
      "version": "26.02d"
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}